ArticleGMS ophthalmology cases2023
A rare cause of recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhage: ocular vicarious menstruation.
Article in GMS ophthalmology cases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Catamenial haemolacria and ocular pain as rare manifestations of extra-pelvic endometriosis.Journal of surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Association between subconjunctival hemorrhage and hemorrhagic disorders: a nationwide population-based study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
Purpose: Vicarious menstruation is cyclical bleeding in extra-uterine locations that occurs during menstruation or within 48 h of its onset. We aim to present a 43-year-old female with ocular vicarious menstruation, its treatment, and a review of other published cases of ocular vicarious menstruation. Case description: A 43-year-old Caucasian female presented with a 15-year history of recurrent monthly unilateral subconjunctival hemorrhage. The episodes were cyclical and coincided with the onset of menses, lasting for approximately 10 to 14 days. Slit-lamp examination of the right eye showed nasally located subconjunctival hemorrhage. Detailed laboratory findings, including parameters for various hematological disorders, were normal. A follow-up examination 2 weeks later showed that the subconjunctival hemorrhage in the right eye was completely resolved. The patient was prescribed the oral contraceptive levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol and marked improvement at the recurrences of subconjunctival hemorrhage was noted during subsequent menses. Conclusion: Ocular vicarious menstruation is among the rarest causes of recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhage. A therapeutic trial of oral contraceptive should be considered in patients that present with ocular vicarious menstruation.
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