ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2023
Antiviral effect and mechanism of Phillyrin and its reformulated FS21 against influenza.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medicinal Plants in Poultry During Post-Antibiotic Era in One-Health Approach: An Extensive Review.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Review
- Andrographolide Suppresses Influenza A Virus-Induced Pyroptosis via PI3K/AKT-Mediated Caspase-3/GSDME Inactivation.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- Phillyrin ameliorates influenza a virus-induced pulmonary inflammation by antagonizing CXCR2 and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Antiviral effect and mechanism of Phillyrin and its reformulated FS21 against influenza.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Influenza virus causes significant morbidity and mortality with pandemic threat. Methods: Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells were infected by one of six influenza viruses: five influenza A viruses (IAVs: three H1N1 and two H3N2) and one influenza B virus (IBV). Virus-induced cytopathic effects were observed and recorded under microscope. Viral replication and mRNA transcription were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and protein expression by Western blot. Infectious virus production was assessed using TCID50 assay, and IC50 was calculated accordingly. Pretreatment and time-of-addition experiments with Phillyrin or FS21 added 1 h before or in early (0-3 h), mid (3-6 h), or late (6-9 h) stages of viral infection were performed to assess their antiviral effects. Mechanistic studies included hemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition, viral binding and entry, endosomal acidification, and plasmid-based influenza RNA polymerase activity. Results: Phillyrin and FS21 had potent antiviral effects against all six IAV and IBV in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies showed that both suppressed influenza viral RNA polymerase with no effect on virus-mediated hemagglutination inhibition, viral binding or entry, endosomal acidification, or neuraminidase activity. Conclusions: Phillyrin and FS21 have broad and potent antiviral effects against influenza viruses with inhibition of viral RNA polymerase as the distinct antiviral mechanism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.