ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2023
Association Between Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormone Indices and Diabetic Retinopathy in Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between central thyroid hormone dysregulation and chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Prognostic significance of preoperative thyroid hormone sensitivity status for recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Association Between Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Prognostic Role of TSH Within Euthyroid T2DM Patients with Retinopathy: A 3-Year Cohort Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices and type 2 diabetic microvascular complications in euthyroid patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Impaired Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones is Associated with the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy in Euthyroid Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- The effect of Central and peripheral thyroid resistance indices on diabetic retinopathy: a study of hospitalized euthyroid patients with T2DM in China.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Normal thyroid hormone (TH) levels and their relation to microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been studied. However, the relationship between TH sensitivity and diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between TH sensitivity and the risk of DR in euthyroid T2DM patients. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 422 T2DM patients and calculated their sensitivity to TH indices. Multivariable logistic regression, generalized additive model, and subgroup analysis were performed to examine the association between sensitivity to TH indices and DR risk. Results: After adjusting for covariates, the binary logistic regression model showed no statistically significant association between the sensitivity of TH indices and the risk of DR in euthyroid T2DM patients. However, a non-linear relationship was found between sensitivity to TH indices (thyroid-stimulating hormone index, thyroid feedback quantile index [TFQI]) and the risk of DR in the crude model; TFQI and DR in the adjusted model. The inflection point of the TFQI was 0.23. The effect size (odds ratio) on the left and right of the inflection point were 3.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24 to 8.17 p=0.02) and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.93 p=0.04), respectively. Moreover, this relationship was maintained by men stratified by sex. In euthyroid patients with T2DM, an approximate inverted U-shaped relationship and a threshold effect were demonstrated between TH index sensitivity and DR risk with sex differences. This study provided an in-depth understanding of the relationship between thyroid function and DR, which has important clinical implications for risk stratification and individual prediction.
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