ArticleGlobal heart2023
Access to Essential Medicines and Diagnostic Tests for Cardiovascular Diseases in Maputo City, Mozambique.
Article in Global heart, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Patient and provider experiences with PEN-Plus in rural Mozambique: cohort characteristics at baseline.Global health action · 2026Article
- Mathematical modeling to assess health and economic impact of cardiovascular interventions and implementation strategies among people living with HIV: SAIA HTN.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Exploring factors affecting access to non-communicable disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Feasibility of screening for heart failure in Africa: barriers and facilitators in a low-resourced setting.Open heart · 2025Review
- Availability of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: a scoping review of challenges and opportunities.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- May Measurement Month 2022: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Mozambique.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Implementing essential diagnostics-learning from essential medicines: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: To tackle the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and reduce premature cardiovascular (CV) mortality by a third by the year 2030, countries must achieve 80% availability of affordable essential medicines (EMs) and technologies in all health facilities. Objectives: To evaluate access to EMs and diagnostics for CV diseases in Maputo City, Mozambique. Methods: Using a modified version of World Health Organization (WHO)/Health Action International (HAI) methodology, we collected data on availability and price of 14 WHO Core EMs and 35 CV EMs in all 6 public-sector hospitals, 6 private-sector hospitals, and 30 private-retail pharmacies. Data on 19 tests and 17 devices were collected from hospitals. Medicine prices were compared with international reference prices (IRPs). Medicines were considered unaffordable if the lowest paid worker had to spend more than one day's wage to purchase a monthly supply. Results: Mean availability of CV EMs was lower than that of WHO Core EMs in both public (hospitals: 20.7% vs. 52.6%) and private sectors (retail pharmacies: 21.5% vs. 59.8%; hospitals: 22.2% vs. 50.0%). Mean availability of CV diagnostic tests and devices was lower in public (55.6% and 58.3%, respectively) compared to private sector (89.5% and 91.7%, respectively). Across WHO Core and CV EMs, the median price of lowest priced generic (LPG) and most sold generic (MSG) versions were 4.43 and 3.20 times the IRP, respectively. Relative to the IRP, median price of CV medicines was higher than that of Core EMs (LPG: 4.51 vs. 2.93). The lowest paid worker would spend 14.0 to 17.8 days' wage monthly to undergo secondary prevention. Conclusion: Access to CV EMs is limited in Maputo City owing to low availability and poor affordability. Public-sector hospitals are not well equipped with essential CV diagnostics. This data could inform evidence-based policies for improving access to CV care in Mozambique.
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