ArticleJournal of medicine and life2023
Investigating protein C and S levels in pregnant women with recurrent early pregnancy loss
Article in Journal of medicine and life, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered inflammatory and coagulation markers in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss: A case-control study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2026Article
- Establishing trimester-specific reference intervals of vitamin K-dependent protein C, protein S, and antithrombin and exploring the impacts of abnormal anticoagulation tests on adverse perinatal complications or outcomes.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Investigating the predictive role of serum amyloid A and its association with immunological and coagulation biomarkers in recurrent pregnancy loss.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2025Article
- Association of Maternal Risk Factors With First-Trimester Missed Abortion: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Prior preterm preeclampsia and hemostatic balance in the non-pregnant state.Pregnancy hypertension · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Biomarkers in Thrombophilia-Related Pregnancy Complications: Mechanisms, Diagnostic Potential, and Therapeutic Implications: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- High Prevalence of Anti-Prothrombin IgM and IgG Autoantibodies in Women With Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- What Do We Know about Peripartum Cardiomyopathy? Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Evaluation of platelet parameters, coagulation markers, antiphospholipid syndrome, and thyroid function in palestinian women with recurrent pregnancy loss.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- "Unraveling the Clot-Miscarriage Nexus: Mechanisms, Management, and Future Directions in Thrombosis-Related Recurrent Pregnancy Loss".Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Miscarriage in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy is very common, and coagulopathy can be a contributing factor. Protein C and S deficiency are rare, inherited disorders that can increase the risk of thrombophilia. Women with these deficiencies have a higher risk of developing blood clots in the placenta, which can lead to placental insufficiency and, ultimately, to a miscarriage. We aimed to compare the levels of protein C and protein S in pregnant females with recurrent first and second-trimester pregnancy loss and normal pregnant females. We performed a detailed history, examination, and various lab tests on a cohort of 40 females with a history of recurrent first and second-trimester abortions visiting an outpatient clinic at a multi-specialty hospital in Kashmir, India. All the findings were compared with 40 women with normal pregnancies. 10% of the participants had low protein C and S levels (P=0.277), out of whom 75% (p<0.001) had intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on ultrasound with 67% (p<0.001) having reduced doppler flow in the umbilical artery. 0.05% of participants had isolated protein S deficiency with no concomitant IUGR seen. Patients with protein C and S deficiencies were treated with heparin and progesterone and followed up for pregnancy outcomes. Screening for protein C and S deficiency is mandatory in all cases of recurrent pregnancy loss. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin and progesterone should be initiated to ensure good fetal outcomes and prevent post-partum/postoperative catastrophic venous thromboembolism events.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.