Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36871378›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2023

A cross-sectional survey on cannabis: Characterizing motives, opinions, and subjective experiences associated with the use of various oral cannabis products.

Ashley N Dowd, C Austin Zamarripa, Dennis J Sholler, Justin C Strickland, Elia Goffi, Jacob T Borodovsky, Elise M Weerts, Ryan Vandrey, Tory R Spindle

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Gimmie the Gummies: Initial validation of the Edibles Marijuana Purchase Task.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ashley N DowdDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Electronic address: adowd1@jhmi.edu.
C Austin ZamarripaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Dennis J ShollerDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Justin C StricklandDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Elia GoffiDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Jacob T BorodovskyCenter for Technology and Behavioral Health, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
Elise M WeertsDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Ryan VandreyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Tory R SpindleDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

HUMAN BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSET32DA007209 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Eric C. Strain, Elise M Weerts · 1985 to 2026
$12.9M
Leveraging Social Media to Develop the Cannabis Exposure Index (CEI), A Standardized Measure of Cannabis UseR01DA050032 · NIDA · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI Jacob T Borodovsky, DEBORAH S HASIN · 2020 to 2026
$3.8M
Behavioral Pharmacology of Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Effects and InteractionsR01DA043475 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI VANDREY, RYAN G · 2017 to 2021
$2.8M
Clarifying the relations among youth technology use, substance use and mental health.R21DA057535 · NIDA · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI BORODOVSKY, JACOB T · 2022 to 2023
$451k
Assessing the Contribution of Alcohol and Psychotropic Medication Use to Upward US Injury and Poisoning TrendsF32AA027941 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BORODOVSKY, JACOB T · 2019 to 2020
$94k
NIAAA NIH HHS F32 AA027941NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA043475NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA050032NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA057535NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007209
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCannabis-infused products available for oral consumption include food and drink items (i.e., edibles) (e.g., baked goods, gummy-, chocolate-, and hard-candies, beverages/drinks) as well as non-food formulations (e.g., oils/tinctures, pills/capsules). This study characterized the motives, opinions, and subjective experiences associated with the use of these seven subtypes of oral cannabis products.

methodsThis web-based survey collected cross-sectional, self-report data from a convenience sample of 370 adults regarding various use-motives, self-reported cannabinoid content, subjective experiences, and opinions related to ingesting oral cannabis products with alcohol and/or food. Advice participants had received about modifying oral cannabis product effects, in general, was also collected.

resultsParticipants reported consuming cannabis baked goods and gummy candies most frequently over the past year (68% and 63%, respectively). Participants were less likely to use oils/tinctures for enjoyment/desire relative to other product types and more likely to use oils/tinctures for therapeutic purposes (e.g., medication-replacement). Self-reported cannabinoid content was highly variable across participants and within product subtype. Participants reported feeling stronger and longer-lasting effects when consuming oral cannabis products on an empty stomach and 43% received advice to "eat a snack or meal" to mitigate effects that are too strong, which contrasts with controlled studies. Finally, 43% of participants reported modifying their experiences with alcohol at least some of time.

conclusionsThese findings underscore the need to further evaluate use-motives as well as the interaction between dietary factors, cannabinoid pharmacokinetics, and subjective drug effects and the interactive effects of oral cannabis products and alcohol in a controlled laboratory setting.

Indexed as

CannabidiolCannabinoidsCannabisHallucinogensAdultAnalgesicsCannabinoid Receptor AgonistsCross-Sectional StudiesDronabinolEthanolHumansOilsAnalgesicsCannabidiolCannabinoid Receptor AgonistsCannabinoidsDronabinolEthanolHallucinogensOilsCannabidiol (CBD)CannabisCross-sectional surveyEdibleTetrahydrocannabinol

Identifiers

PMID36871378
PMCPMC10044512
OpenAlexW4322208279

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.