SynthesisScientific reports2023
Efficacy of resistance training in hypoxia on muscle hypertrophy and strength development: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effects of hypoxic versus normoxic exercise training on body composition, cardiometabolic health markers, and functional performance in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia Protocols on Physical Performance in Trained and Untrained Individuals: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Sports medicine - open · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of normobaric hypoxic resistance training on muscle strength in healthy adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of short-term cycling interventions in older adults: a randomized trial of hypoxic, blood flow restriction, and eccentric cycling.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Exercise Training in the Fasted State During the Month of Ramadan: Acutely Ergolytic but Possibly Chronically Ergogenic? A Narrative Review with Systematic Search and Methodological Quality Assessment.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Hypoxic Training for Judo: Practices, Perceptions and Education of Judo Athletes and Performance Staff.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development of and adherence to artificial gravity and resistive vibration exercises during 60 days of hypoxic 6° head-down tilt bed rest: BRAVE study.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Impact of hypoxic air quality on resistance training effect in different normobaric hypoxia environments.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Exercise in Hypoxic Environments: An Overview of Systematic Reviews on Performance, Physiological Adaptation, and Clinical Implications.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Influence of Normobaric Hypoxia on Maximal Force Production Following High-Intensity Resistance Circuit Training.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Live high, train smart: translating altitude physiology to best practice with mechanistic insights.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- New insights into the integrative effects of resistance training at moderate altitude on systemic inflammation.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Hypoxia Conditioning for Load-Compromised Athletes: A Narrative Review Exploring Potential Applications in Injury and Disability Management.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Hematological Adaptations to Altitude Training in Female Water Polo Players: A Case Report of a World Championships Medal-Winning Team.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia of Varying Severity on Metabolic and Hormonal Responses Following Resistance Exercise in Men and Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Acute physiological responses and muscle recovery in females: a randomised controlled trial of muscle damaging exercise in hypoxia.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Metabolic and hormonal responses to acute high-load resistance exercise in normobaric hypoxia using a saturation clamp.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of resistance training under hypoxic conditions (RTH) on muscle hypertrophy and strength development. Searches of PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Sport Discus and the Cochrane Library were conducted comparing the effect of RTH versus normoxia (RTN) on muscle hypertrophy (cross sectional area (CSA), lean mass and muscle thickness) and strength development [1-repetition maximum (1RM)]. An overall meta-analysis and subanalyses of training load (low, moderate or high), inter-set rest interval (short, moderate or long) and severity of hypoxia (moderate or high) were conducted to explore the effects on RTH outcomes. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. The overall analyses showed similar improvements in CSA (SMD [CIs] = 0.17 [- 0.07; 0.42]) and 1RM (SMD = 0.13 [0.0; 0.27]) between RTH and RTN. Subanalyses indicated a medium effect on CSA for longer inter-set rest intervals and a small effect for moderate hypoxia and moderate loads favoring RTH. Moreover, a moderate effect for longer inter-set rest intervals and a trivial effect for severe hypoxia and moderate loads favoring RTH was found on 1RM. Evidence suggests that RTH employed with moderate loads (60-80% 1RM) and longer inter-set rest intervals (≥ 120 s) enhances muscle hypertrophy and strength compared to normoxia. The use of moderate hypoxia (14.3-16% FiO
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