ArticleBMC pediatrics2023
Intellectual disabilities and autism among children with congenital heart defects, Western Australia, 1983-2010.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychological Aspects and Mental Health Risks in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Defects-A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Increased Risk of Disabilities in Children and Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease of Any Severity.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Global burden of developmental intellectual disability in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease, 1990-2021: a population-based study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildren with congenital heart defects (CHDs) are at higher risk of developing an intellectual disability. However, severity of intellectual disabilities among this group of children are largely unknown. Our objective was to determine the risk of intellectual disability (ID), ID severity, and autism among children with CHDs.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton live births in Western Australia (n = 20,592) between 1983 and 2010. Children with CHDs were identified from the Western Australian Register for Developmental Anomalies (n = 6563) and infants without CHDs were randomly selected from state birth records (n = 14,029). Children diagnosed with ID before 18 years were identified by linkage to statewide Intellectual Disability Exploring Answers database. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from logistic regression models for all CHDs combined and by CHD severity adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsOf 20,592 children, 466 (7.1%) with CHDs and 187 (1.3%) without CHDs had an ID. Compared to children without CHDs, children with any CHD had 5.26 times (95% CI 4.42, 6.26) the odds of having an ID and 4.76 times (95% CI 3.98, 5.70) the odds of having mild/moderate ID. Children with any CHD had 1.76 times the odds of having autism (95% CI 1.07, 2.88), and 3.27 times the odds of having an unknown cause of ID (95% CI 2.65, 4.05) compared to children without CHD. The risk of having autism (aOR 3.23, 95% CI 1.11, 9.38), and unknown cause of ID (aOR 3.45, 95% CI 2.09, 5.70) was greatest for children with mild CHD.
conclusionsChildren with CHDs were more likely to have an ID or autism. Future research should elucidate underlying etiology of ID in children with CHDs.
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