ReviewPituitary2023
Exploring the role of the tumor microenvironment in refractory pituitary tumor pathogenesis.
Review in Pituitary, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammation, oxidative stress and purinergic signaling in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs).Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- Pituitary Metastasis in Lung Cancer Patients: Case Series and Review of the Literature.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Long-term cabergoline use does not predict degree of prolactinoma fibrosis nor significantly impact surgical outcomes.Pituitary · 2026Article
- Dopamine agonist-associated fibrosis in prolactinomas: clinical challenges, impacts on the tumor microenvironment, and future directions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy revolutionizing brain metastatic cancer treatment: personalized strategies for transformative outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: New Approaches in Classification, Diagnosis and Therapy.Cancers · 2023Review
- Research progress on the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in pituitary adenoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Mechanisms ofIntegrative cancer therapiesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTreatment-refractory pituitary tumors demonstrate characteristics resembling those of highly aggressive tumors, in which the local tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a dominant role in promoting aggressiveness and refractoriness. However, role of the TME in pituitary tumors is not well studied.
methodsLiterature on the TME and development of refractory pituitary tumors was reviewed
resultsTME harbors tumorigenic immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), extracellular matrix, and other factors that have been shown to affect behavior of tumor tissue. For example, tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlate with aggressive and invasive tumor behavior in nonfunctioning and growth hormone-secreting (GH) pituitary tumors, while CAF release of TGFβ, FGF2, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors may promote treatment resistance, tumor fibrosis, and inflammation in prolactinomas and GH-secreting tumors. In turn, Wnt pathway activation can further promote cell growth in dopamine-resistant prolactinomas. Finally, proteins secreted by extracellular matrix are associated with increased angiogenesis in invasive tumors.
conclusionIt is likely that multiple mechanisms, including TME, contribute to the development of aggressive refractory pituitary tumors. Given the increased morbidity and mortality associated with pituitary tumor refractoriness, more research on the role of TME is warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.