ReviewExperimental physiology2024
Proprioceptors in extraocular muscles.
Review in Experimental physiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intramuscular tendon length in agonist-antagonist myoneural interface components in transtibial amputation: An anatomic study.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The impact of visual perturbations on balance control during walking.The Journal of experimental biology · 2026Article
- Motor Skill Deficits and Associated Factors in Childhood Intermittent Exotropia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Review
- Proprioceptors of the human pericardium.Basic research in cardiology · 2024Article
- Additive Manufacturing Provides Infinite Possibilities for Self-Sensing Technology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Proprioceptors in extraocular muscles.Experimental physiology · 2024Review
- Experimental Physiology special issue: 'Mechanotransduction, muscle spindles and proprioception'.Experimental physiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Proprioception is the sense that lets us perceive the location, movement and action of the body parts. The proprioceptive apparatus includes specialized sense organs (proprioceptors) which are embedded in the skeletal muscles. The eyeballs are moved by six pairs of eye muscles and binocular vision depends on fine-tuned coordination of the optical axes of both eyes. Although experimental studies indicate that the brain has access to eye position information, both classical proprioceptors (muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organ) are absent in the extraocular muscles of most mammalian species. This paradox of monitoring extraocular muscle activity in the absence of typical proprioceptors seemed to be resolved when a particular nerve specialization (the palisade ending) was detected in the extraocular muscles of mammals. In fact, for decades there was consensus that palisade endings were sensory structures that provide eye position information. The sensory function was called into question when recent studies revealed the molecular phenotype and the origin of palisade endings. Today we are faced with the fact that palisade endings exhibit sensory as well as motor features. This review aims to evaluate the literature on extraocular muscle proprioceptors and palisade endings and to reconsider current knowledge of their structure and function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.