ArticleBMC public health2023
Effect of anxiety and depression on self-reported adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychological distress and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents of in-school children after the end of the zero-COVID-19 policy: A city-wide survey in South China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Uptake and hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population in China after the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale national study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Motivation for COVID-19 Vaccination and Preventive Behavior.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe association of anxiety and depression with adverse reactions after receipt of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is not clear among the general population. This study aims to evaluate the effect of anxiety and depression on self-reported adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine.
methodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted during April-July 2021. Participants completing the two doses of vaccine were included in this study. Sociodemographic information, anxiety and depression levels and adverse reactions after the first dose of vaccine for all participants were collected. The anxiety and depression levels were assessed by the Seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire Scale, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between anxiety and depression and adverse reactions.
resultsA total of 2161 participants were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 13% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.3-14.2%) and 15% (95%CI, 13.6-16.7%), respectively. Of the 2161 participants, 1607 (74%; 95% CI, 73-76%) reported at least one adverse reaction after the first dose of the vaccine. Pain at the injection site (55%) and fatigue and headache (53% and 18%, respectively) were the most commonly reported local and systemic adverse reactions, respectively. Participants with anxiety or depression or both were more likely to report local and systemic adverse reactions (P < 0.05).
conclusionThe results suggest that anxiety and depression increase the risk of self-reported adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine. Consequently, appropriate psychological interventions before vaccination will help to reduce or alleviate symptoms of vaccination.
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