ArticlePloS one2023
Sex differences in mild vascular cognitive impairment: A multimodal transcranial magnetic stimulation study.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation impacts the executive function of patients with vascular cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Neuromodulation Techniques in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Utilizing resting motor threshold to predict cognitive function in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Review
- Transcranial Doppler sonography follow-up study in mild vascular cognitive impairment.PloS one · 2025Article
- Cortical excitability and the aging brain: toward a biomarker of cognitive resilience.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Most prominent challenges in translational neuroscience and strategic solutions to bridge the gaps: Perspectives from an editorial board interrogation.Exploration of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Cognitive screening and education: assessing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment's validity in older Ugandan populations.Academia mental health & well-being · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Dementia 2.0.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Sex-dependent temporal changes in astrocyte-vessel interactions following diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Effect of high-frequency (5Hz) rTMS stimulating left DLPFC combined with galantamine on cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke and serum homocysteine and neuron-specific enolase.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Recent Research Progress on the Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Vascular Cognitive Impairment.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Review
- Current perspectives on prevention of vascular cognitive impairment and promotion of vascular brain health.Expert review of neurotherapeuticsReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSex differences in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) at risk for future dementia are still debatable. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to evaluate cortical excitability and the underlying transmission pathways, although a direct comparison between males and females with mild VCI is lacking.
methodsSixty patients (33 females) underwent clinical, psychopathological, functional, and TMS assessment. Measures of interest consisted of: resting motor threshold, latency of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), contralateral silent period, amplitude ratio, central motor conduction time (CMCT), including the F wave technique (CMCT-F), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation, and short-latency afferent inhibition, at different interstimulus intervals (ISIs).
resultsMales and females were comparable for age, education, vascular burden, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Males scored worse at global cognitive tests, executive functioning, and independence scales. MEP latency was significantly longer in males, from both sides, as well CMCT and CMCT-F from the left hemisphere; a lower SICI at ISI of 3 ms from the right hemisphere was also found. After correction for demographic and anthropometric features, the effect of sex remained statistically significant for MEP latency, bilaterally, and for CMCT-F and SICI. The presence of diabetes, MEP latency bilaterally, and both CMCT and CMCT-F from the right hemisphere inversely correlated with executive functioning, whereas TMS did not correlate with vascular burden.
conclusionsWe confirm the worse cognitive profile and functional status of males with mild VCI compared to females and first highlight sex-specific changes in intracortical and cortico-spinal excitability to multimodal TMS in this population. This points to some TMS measures as potential markers of cognitive impairment, as well as targets for new drugs and neuromodulation therapies.
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