ArticleTobacco induced diseases2023
Semi-quantitative assessment of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and its association with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral cancer in women: clinical profile, risk factors, treatment outcomes and survival predictors in 32 years of experience.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Motivation for Smoking Cessation in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A One-Time Survey.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTwo known major risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma are smoking and alcohol consumption. Environmental tobacco smoke (also known as secondhand smoke) has been proven to be associated with the occurrence of lung and breast carcinoma. This study aimed to assess exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and its association with the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas.
methodsUsing a standardized questionnaire, 165 cases and 167 controls were asked about their demographic data and risk behaviors, including environmental tobacco smoke exposure. An environmental tobacco smoke score (ETS-score) was developed to semi-quantitatively record the previous exposure to ETS. Statistical analyses were performed with χ
resultsCases had a significantly increased previous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke compared to the controls (ETS-score: 36.69 ± 26.34 vs 13.92 ± 12.44; p<0.0001). Comparing only the groups without additional active risk factors, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was associated with a more than threefold higher likelihood of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR=3.47; 95% CI: 1.31-10.55). Statistically significant differences in ETS-score were found for different tumor locations (p=0.0012) and different histopathological gradings (p=0.0399). A multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed exposure to environmental tobacco smoke as an independent risk factor for the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas (p<0.0001).
conclusionsEnvironmental tobacco smoke is an important but yet underestimated risk factor for the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Further studies are needed to confirm the results, including the usefulness of the developed environmental tobacco smoke score for exposure.
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