ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2023
Early antibiotics and risk for necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants: A narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Azithromycin for Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Other Neonatal Adverse Outcomes in Preterm Infants: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neonatology · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Characteristics of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Diagnosed by Independent Adjudication of Abdominal Radiographs, Laparotomy, or Autopsy in Preterm Infants in the "Connection Trial".American journal of perinatology · 2025Trial
- IL-27 neutralization with and without antibiotics as an approach to prevent and treat neonatal sepsis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- From homeostasis to dysregulation: human milk, microbial metabolites, and the preterm intestinal microenvironment in necrotizing enterocolitis.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- Compact Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Signature Associated with Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Altered Early Microbiota Development.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neonatal enteral antibiotics reduce gut inflammation and delay systemic immune development in preterm pigs.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Comment: Short-term benefit or long-term harm? Enteral antibiotics, intestinal inflammation, and immune trade-offs.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Does the duration of empiric antibiotic treatment influence NEC incidence and severity relative to placental pathology?Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine · 2026Review
- Relationship between gut microbiota establishment patterns and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Association of Placental Pathology and Antibiotic Exposure after Birth with the Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Case-Control Study.American journal of perinatology · 2026Article
- The Angel in the Marble: Antibiotic Duration in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Digging deeper into necrotizing enterocolitis: bridging clinical, microbial, and molecular perspectives.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Do we need to reconsider our antibiotic regimen for preterm premature rupture of membranes? Pathogens and perinatal outcome in PPROM.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Early antibiotic exposure and necrotizing enterocolitis among preterm infants < 34 weeks' gestation.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- The "pro" and "con" of probiotics, regulation and preterm infant health.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Risk factors and outcomes of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis: a case-control study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- A Multi-Center Survey of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Prevention Strategies in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Current Understanding and Challenges for the Future.Current pediatric reviews · 2025Review
- Gram-Negative Colonization and Bacterial Translocation Drive Neonatal Sepsis in the Indian Setting.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- Nutritional Strategies for Preterm Neonates and Preterm Neonates Undergoing Surgery: New Insights for Practice and Wrong Beliefs to Uproot.Nutrients · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While prompt initiation of antibiotics at birth due to concerns for early onset sepsis is common, it often leads to many preterm infants being exposed to treatment despite negative blood cultures. Such exposure to early antibiotics can impact the developing gut microbiome putting infants at increased risk of several diseases. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating inflammatory bowel disease that affects preterm infants, is among the most widely studied neonatal disease that has been linked to early antibiotics. While some studies have demonstrated an increased risk of NEC, other studies have demonstrated seemingly contrary findings of decreased NEC with early antibiotics. Studies using animal models have also yielded differing findings of benefit vs. harm of early antibiotic exposure on subsequent NEC susceptibility. We thus sought to conduct this narrative review to help clarify the relationship between early antibiotics exposure and future risk of NEC in preterm infants. Our objectives are to: (1) summarize findings from human and animal studies that investigated the relationship between early antibiotics and NEC, (2) highlight important limitations of these studies, (3) explore potential mechanisms that can explain why early antibiotics may increase or decrease NEC risk, and (4) identify future directions for research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.