ArticleFrontiers in psychology2023
Development and psychometric testing of a scale for assessing the psychological birth trauma.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychometric properties of self-reported measures of psychological birth trauma in puerperae: A COSMIN systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Labor Companion Support, Women-Centered Care, and Childbirth Preparation in Relation to Psychological Birth Trauma: A Cross-Sectional SEM Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Development and psychometric evaluation of a postpartum stress scale in early postpartum mothers.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Birth trauma: characterization and thematic analysis of traumatic birth experiences revealed on social media.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Article
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- The influence of sense of coherence on psychological birth trauma: a parallel mediation model based on health Salutogenesis theory.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Psychological birth trauma is widespread in postpartum women, and its harms are serious to mothers' health. Existing tools rely on posttraumatic stress disorder to evaluate, which cannot effectively evaluate its connotation. The aim of this study was to develop a new instrument for use to comprehensively assess the psychological birth trauma level of women after birth and test the scale's psychometric properties. Methods: The scale was developed and evaluated through item generation, expert consultation, pre-survey, and psychometric evaluation. A literature review, focus group, and individual deep semi-structured interviews were utilized to identify the scale items. The expert consultation evaluated the content validity. Psychometric testing was conducted in a convenience sample of 712 mothers within the first 72 h postpartum who were recruited from three hospitals in China. Results: The total Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.874. Exploratory factor analysis supported that the final scale consisted of four dimensions and fifteen items. The explanatory variance of the four factors was 66.724%. The four dimensions are named "being neglected," "out of control," "physiological emotional response," and "cognitive behavioral response." The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit indices were all at acceptable and good levels. Conclusion: The 15-item Birth Trauma Scale is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the psychological trauma of mothers who experienced spontaneous childbirth. The scale is a maternal self-assessment scale that can help women understand their mental health. Healthcare providers can identify key populations and intervene with them.
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