ArticleEClinicalMedicine2023
Trends and predictions of malnutrition and obesity in 204 countries and territories: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 277 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions in Dietary Health Management: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Health Effects of Plant-Based Diets in People with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of excess body weight on short-term outcomes following minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Techniques in coloproctology · 2026Pooled it
- Missense variants in FRS3 affect body mass index in populations of diverse ancestries.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Oral vitamin D supplementation for adults with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Quantifying the increased risk of illness in malnourished children: a global meta-analysis and propensity score matching approach.Global health research and policy · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure in Response to Different Dietary Patterns: A Randomized Clinical Trial Exploratory Sub-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Comprehensive cognitive training improves anthropometric measures in people with excess weight: the TRAINEP randomized controlled trial.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Trial
- The effects of high-intensity interval training on NLRP3 inflammasome and monocyte chemokine receptors in individuals with obesity.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Guidelines and Preliminary Results of Group-Based Nutrition Interventions for Obesity Management Among Adults in Brazilian Primary Health Care.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- Effect of a ketogenic diet, time-restricted eating, or alternate-day fasting on weight loss in adults with obesity: a randomized clinical trial.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Epigenetics and childhood obesity: DNA methylation coordinates environment and gene regulation.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- The global cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic burden from 1990 to 2023.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- The landscape of adult obesity in Malaysia: a mapping of evidence and contemporary narrative review.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Review
- Ischemic Heart Disease in the Middle East and North Africa, 1990-2021: An Integrated Analysis of Temporal Trends, Country-Level Variation, SDI Patterns, and Risk Factors.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Nutritional Life Cycle Assessment of Cow Milk in Northern Italy: Implications for Comparisons with Plant-Based Alternatives.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Burden of Obesity Among Adults in the United States: A Population Health Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Placebo response on the weight change and its influencing factors in overweight or obesity with or without diabetes: a meta-analysis of 182 anti-obesity medications trials.Communications medicine · 2026Article
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition and obesity are interdependent pathologies along the same spectrum. We examined global trends and projections of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths from malnutrition and obesity until 2030. Methods: Using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study involving 204 countries and territories, trends in DALYs and deaths were described for obesity and malnutrition from 2000 to 2019, stratified by geographical regions (as defined by WHO) and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Malnutrition was defined according to the 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases codes for nutritional deficiencies, stratified by malnutrition type. Obesity was measured via body mass index (BMI) using metrics related to national and subnational estimates, defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m Findings: In 2019, age-standardised malnutrition-related DALYs was 680 (95% UI: 507-895) per 100,000 population. DALY rates decreased from 2000 to 2019 (-2.86% annually), projected to fall 8.4% from 2020 to 2030. Africa and low SDI countries observed highest malnutrition-related DALYs. Age-standardised obesity-related DALY estimates were 1933 (95% UI: 1277-2640). Obesity-related DALYs rose 0.48% annually from 2000 to 2019, predicted to increase by 39.8% from 2020 to 2030. Highest obesity-related DALYs were in Eastern Mediterranean and middle SDI countries. Interpretation: The ever-increasing obesity burden, on the backdrop of curbing the malnutrition burden, is predicted to rise further. Funding: None.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.