Opportunities and risks of ChatGPT in medicine, science, and academic publishing: a modern Promethean dilemma.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. Scientific Evidence in Public Health Decision-Making: A Systematic Literature Review of the Past 50 Years.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
   Pooled it
2. Large language models for generating medical examinations: systematic review.BMC medical education · 2024
   Pooled it
3. Exploring the role of ChatGPT in patient care (diagnosis and treatment) and medical research: A systematic review.Health promotion perspectives · 2023
   Pooled it
4. Usability Comparison Among Healthy Participants of an Anthropomorphic Digital Human and a Text-Based Chatbot as a Responder to Questions on Mental Health: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR human factors · 2024
   Trial
5. Decoding enzymatic landscapes: a knowledge graph-enhanced large language model framework for microbial enzyme production and catalysis systems.aBIOTECH · 2026
   Article
6. Factors influencing college student intention to use ChatGPT with an integrated TAM and IDT model.Scientific reports · 2026
   Article
7. The CMJ stays in the editor's heart.Croatian medical journal · 2026
   Article
8. Comparing AI Chatbots to Live Practitioners of Homeopathy: A Comparative Retrospective Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
   Article
9. Implementing GPT-4 Learning Models in Dermatology: An Assessment of Medical Quality and Utility.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2026
   Article
10. Psychometric properties and detectability of GPT-4o-generated multiple-choice questions compared with human-authored items across imaging specialties.NPJ digital medicine · 2026
    Article
11. Assessment of artificial intelligence chatbots in responding to dental occlusion questions: a comparative study.BMC oral health · 2025
    Article
12. Critique of impure reason: Unveiling the reasoning behaviour of medical large language models.eLife · 2025
    Article
13. Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Oncology: From Productivity Enhancement to Creative Discovery.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025
    Review
14. Evaluation of the impact of large language learning models on publications in the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery.JSES international · 2025
    Article
15. Accuracy, Clarity, and Comprehensiveness of ChatGPT Outputs for Commonly Asked Questions About Living Kidney Donation.Clinical transplantation · 2025
    Article
16. The role of personality traits in predicting educational use of generative AI in higher education.Scientific reports · 2025
    Article
17. Performance of Artificial Intelligence in Addressing Questions Regarding the Management of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2025
    Article
18. MCQG-SRefine: Multiple Choice Question Generation and Evaluation with Iterative Self-Critique, Correction, and Comparison Feedback.Proceedings of the conference. Association for Computational Linguistics. North American Chapter. Meeting · 2025
    Article
19. Exploring the ChatGPT platform with scenario-specific prompts for vaping cessation.Tobacco control · 2025
    Article
20. Generalization bias in large language model summarization of scientific research.Royal Society open science · 2025
    Article

11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

1 author.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.