ArticleDeutsches Arzteblatt international2023
The Long-Term Sequelae of Traumatic Brain Injury Over 10 Years of Follow-Up—A Matched Cohort Study Based on Routine Data of a Statutory Health Insurance Carrier
Article in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- A multicenter, international, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of inosine-nicotinamide-riboflavin-succinic acid in the acute period of traumatic brain injury in adults.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Trial
- HMGB1 blood levels and neurological outcomes after traumatic brain injury: Insights from an exploratory study.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- How Are TBI Symptoms Interconnected? A Network Analysis Approach.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Clinical complications after a traumatic brain injury and its relation with brain biomarkers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe acute effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are well documented, but there is no systematic quantification of its long-term sequelae in Germanlanguage literature. The purpose of this article is to compare the frequency of conditions linked to prior TBI with their frequency in the non-brain-injured population.
methodsA matched cohort study was carried out on the basis of routine data from the BARMER statutory health insurance carrier. The exposure group consisted of patients treated over the period 2006-2009 for TBI at a variety of treatment intensities, including persons with multiple organ trauma. The control group consisted of BARMER insurees without prior TBI who were matched with the patients in the exposure group for age, sex, and pre-existing diseases. Late sequelae were sought in the routine data for a period of ten years after the injury. The outcome rates of the exposure and control groups were compared with Kaplan-Meier estimators and Poisson regression.
results114 296 persons with TBI in the period 2006-2009 were included in the study. The mortality within ten years of TBI was 305 per 1000 individuals. The relative mortality in the exposure group was higher than that in control individuals of the same age and sex, with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.67 (95% confidence interval, [1.60; 1.74]). Immobility, dementia, epilepsy, endocrine disorders, functional disorders, depression, anxiety, cognitive deficits, headache, and sleep disorders were also more common in the exposure group. Persons with TBI requiring highintensity treatment displayed the highest relative incidence rates of the conditions studied over 10 years of follow-up. Persons who had been admitted to the hospital because of TBI had higher relative incidence rates for epilepsy and dementia than those who had been cared for on an outpatient basis.
conclusionAdverse sequelae of TBI can still be seen ten years after the exposure. These patients die earlier than persons without TBI and suffer earlier and more frequently from associated conditions.
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