ArticleBMC microbiology2023
Antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of carvacrol alone and in combination with cefixime against Escherichia coli.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carvacrol Modulates Tetracycline Susceptibility and Resistance Gene Expression in Multidrug-ResistantAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- From adhesion to gene regulation: tea tree essential oil suppresses Uropathogenic Escherichia coli colonization while triggering csgA-mediated biofilm stress paradox.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Targeting Biofilms in Chronic Wounds: Emerging Strategies with Antimicrobial Nanocomposites.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Herbal extracts as antibiotic adjuvants against ESKAPE pathogens: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Engineering microbiology · 2026Review
- Phytochemistry and Bioactivities of Thymol and Carvacrol: Molecular Pathways, Metabolism, and Therapeutic Insights.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Natural Products as Potentiators of β-Lactam Antibiotics: A Review of Mechanisms, Advances, and Future Directions.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Carvacrol Reduces Virulence Traits inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Carvacrol exhibits potent anti-Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Molecular Epidemiology and Multilevel Drug Resistance Mechanisms ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Combined with Nisin Against Enterococcus Faecalis in Root Canal Infections ��� an Ex Vivo Study.European endodontic journal · 2025Article
- Integrated Analysis ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lights and Shadows of Essential Oil-Derived Compounds: Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Eugenol, Thymol, Cinnamaldehyde, and Carvacrol.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Analysis of Pharmacological Properties ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The interactions of natural compounds with Escherichia coli motility, attachment, communication systems, and mature biofilm.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Preliminary Evaluation of the Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Selected Commercial Essential Oil Compounds Against Methicillin-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Harnessing the Potential of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Phytochemicals in the Combat Against Superbugs: A One Health Perspective.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Eco-friendly synthesis of copper nanoparticles by usingBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Carvacrol in asthma management: a comprehensive review of its therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Zinc Sulfate (ZnSOAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Carvacrol and Streptomycin in Combination Weaken Streptomycin Resistance inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPlant-derived compounds can be used as antimicrobial agents in medicines and as food preservatives. These compounds can be applied along with other antimicrobial agents to strengthen the effect and/or reduce the required treatment dose.
resultsIn the present study, the antibacterial, anti-biofilm and quorum sensing inhibitory activity of carvacrol alone and in combination with the antibiotic cefixime against Escherichia coli was investigated. The MIC and MBC values for carvacrol were 250 μg/mL. In the checkerboard test, carvacrol showed a synergistic interaction with cefixime against E. coli (FIC index = 0.5). Carvacrol and cefixime significantly inhibited biofilm formation at MIC/2 (125 and 62.5 μg/mL), MIC/4 (62.5 and 31.25 μg/mL) and MIC/8 (31.25 and 15.625 μg/mL) for carvacrol and cefixime, respectively. The antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential effect of carvacrol confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed significant down-regulation of the luxS and pfs genes following treatment with a MIC/2 (125 μg/mL) concentration of carvacrol alone and of only pfs gene following treatment with MIC/2 of carvacrol in combination with MIC/2 of cefixime (p < 0.05).
conclusionsBecause of the significant antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of carvacrol, the present study examines this agent as an antibacterial drug of natural origin. The results indicate that in this study the best antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties are for the combined use of cefixime and carvacrol.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.