SynthesisRMD open2023
Type I interferon pathway assays in studies of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic literature review informing EULAR points to consider.
Synthesis in RMD open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oligoprotein type I interferon signatures, but not TREX1 variants, increase risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in UK Biobank.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Ultrasensitive serum interferon alpha equals interferon signatures as a marker of lupus disease activity.iScience · 2026Article
- Comparison of BAFF and type I IFN activity in blood and placenta in SLE and healthy pregnancies.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- High baseline CD317 expression on T cells predicts favorable anifrolumab response in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Type I interferon pathway activation in connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ultrasensitive quantification of serum IFN-α and IFN-γ in systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional observational study.PLoS medicine · 2025Observational
- Profiling type I and II interferon responses reveals distinct subgroups of pediatric patients with autoinflammatory disorders.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Anti-histone and anti-nucleosome rather than anti-dsDNA antibodies associate with IFN-induced biomarkers in Sudanese and Swedish SLE patients.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Type I interferon pathway in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Review
- Review
- Type I interferon pathway activation across the antiphospholipid syndrome spectrum: associations with disease subsets and systemic antiphospholipid syndrome presentation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 11 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo systematically review the literature for assay methods that aim to evaluate type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway activation and to harmonise-related terminology.
methodsThree databases were searched for reports of IFN-I and rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases. Information about the performance metrics of assays measuring IFN-I and measures of truth were extracted and summarised. A EULAR task force panel assessed feasibility and developed consensus terminology.
resultsOf 10 037 abstracts, 276 fulfilled eligibility criteria for data extraction. Some reported more than one technique to measure IFN-I pathway activation. Hence, 276 papers generated data on 412 methods. IFN-I pathway activation was measured using: qPCR (n=121), immunoassays (n=101), microarray (n=69), reporter cell assay (n=38), DNA methylation (n=14), flow cytometry (n=14), cytopathic effect assay (n=11), RNA sequencing (n=9), plaque reduction assay (n=8), Nanostring (n=5), bisulphite sequencing (n=3). Principles of each assay are summarised for content validity. Concurrent validity (correlation with other IFN assays) was presented for n=150/412 assays. Reliability data were variable and provided for 13 assays. Gene expression and immunoassays were considered most feasible. Consensus terminology to define different aspects of IFN-I research and practice was produced.
conclusionsDiverse methods have been reported as IFN-I assays and these differ in what elements or aspects of IFN-I pathway activation they measure and how. No 'gold standard' represents the entirety of the IFN pathway, some may not be specific for IFN-I. Data on reliability or comparing assays were limited, and feasibility is a challenge for many assays. Consensus terminology should improve consistency of reporting.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.