ReviewBrain research bulletin2023
Sex differences in depression: An immunological perspective.
Review in Brain research bulletin, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-stratified genome-wide association meta-analysis of major depressive disorder.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammation-induced depressed mood and reward responsivity as a function of age in female adults: a randomized controlled trial of endotoxin.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Peripheral biochemical parameters for discrimination between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in female patients of reproductive age: a CRP-stratified exploratory study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Depression: From Biomarkers to Anti-Inflammatory Therapy.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Impact of sex chromosomes and gonad type in stress susceptibility in corticostriatal brain regions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The emerging role of T cells in depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Gender differences in symptom profiles of individuals being treated for mood disorders.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Do immune system and microbiome-gut-brain axis interactions associate with major depressive disorder?Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Mechanisms Underlying Treatment-Resistant Depression: Exploring Sex-Based Biological Differences.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Sex-Specific Inflammatory Profiles Affect Neuropsychiatric Issues in COVID-19 Survivors.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- The Balance in the Head: How Developmental Factors Explain Relationships Between Brain Asymmetries and Mental Diseases.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Consumption of dopamine receptor 1 agonist SKF-38393 reduces constant-light-induced hyperactivity, depression-like, and anxiety-like behaviors in a sex specific manner in C57BL/6J mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the transcriptional response to acute inflammatory challenge: A randomized controlled trial of endotoxin.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Connecting the dots: sex, depression, and musculoskeletal health.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Association between pregnancy loss and depressive symptoms in women: a population-based study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- The missing hallmark of health: psychosocial adaptation.Cell stress · 2024Article
- NAPE-PLD regulates specific baseline affective behaviors but is dispensable for inflammatory hyperalgesia.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Depression is a heterogenous disorder with symptoms that present differently across individuals. In a subset of people depression is associated with alterations of the immune system that may contribute to disorder onset and symptomology. Women are twice as likely to develop depression and on average have a more sensitive adaptive and innate immune system when compared to men. Sex differences in pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), cell populations, and circulating cytokines play a critical role in inflammation onset. Sex differences in innate and adaptive immunity change the response of and repair to damage caused by dangerous pathogens or molecules in the body. This article reviews the evidence for sex specific immune responses that contribute to the sex differences in symptoms of depression that may account for the higher rate of depression in women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.