ArticleProgress in rehabilitation medicine2023
Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Long Coronavirus Disease 2019 with Fatigue and Cognitive Dysfunction.
Article in Progress in rehabilitation medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Neural Inflammatory Factors and External Stimulation (MANIFEST)
Mitigating Cognitive Problems and Fatigue With Brain Stimulation in Long COVID
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research evidence on the management of the cognitive impairment component of the post-COVID condition: a qualitative systematic review.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024Pooled it
- Intervention modalities for brain fog caused by long-COVID: systematic review of the literature.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Neurological Manifestations of Long COVID: Current Evidence, Emerging Concepts, and Future Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Coupling between neural oscillations and white matter integrity reveals cognitive computational profiles following COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Economic burden of long COVID: macroeconomic, cost-of-illness and microeconomic impacts.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Review
- Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms in Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review of Structural and Functional Neuroimaging, Neurophysiology, and Intervention Studies.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Review
- Superficial Neuromodulation in Dysautonomia in Women with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Cognitive Sequelae of COVID-19: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Approaches.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- A Narrative Review of the Efficacy of Long COVID Interventions on Brain Fog, Processing Speed, and Other Related Cognitive Outcomes.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Systemic increase of AMPA receptors associated with cognitive impairment of long COVID.Brain communications · 2025Article
- PFC/M1 activation and excitability: a longitudinal cohort study on fatigue symptoms in healthcare workers post-COVID-19.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- rTMS for post-covid-19 condition: A sham-controlled case series involving iTBS-300 and iTBS-600.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Chemo Brain.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: There is no established treatment for chronic fatigue and various cognitive dysfunctions (brain fog) caused by long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to clarify the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating these symptoms. Methods: High-frequency rTMS was applied to occipital and frontal lobes in 12 patients with chronic fatigue and cognitive dysfunction 3 months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Before and after ten sessions of rTMS, Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), Apathy Scale (AS), and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-fourth edition (WAIS4) were determined and Results: Twelve subjects completed ten sessions of rTMS without adverse events. The mean age of the subjects was 44.3 ± 10.7 years, and the mean duration of illness was 202.4 ± 114.5 days. BFI, which was 5.7 ± 2.3 before the intervention, decreased significantly to 1.9 ± 1.8 after the intervention. The AS was significantly decreased after the intervention from 19.2 ± 8.7 to 10.3 ± 7.2. All WAIS4 sub-items were significantly improved after rTMS intervention, and the full-scale intelligence quotient increased from 94.6 ± 10.9 to 104.4 ± 13.0. Hypoperfusion in the bilateral occipital and frontal lobes observed on SPECT improved in extent and severity after ten sessions of rTMS. Conclusions: Although we are still in the early stages of exploring the effects of rTMS, the procedure has the potential for use as a new non-invasive treatment for the symptoms of long COVID.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.