ArticleCancer research communications2021
Comprehensive Immunoprofiling of High-Risk Oral Proliferative and Localized Leukoplakia.
Article in Cancer research communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Podoplanin Expression and the Risk of Malignant Transformation of Oral Pre-Malignant Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Head & neck · 2025Pooled it
- Dissecting oral premalignant carcinogenesis: spatial omics mechanisms and nanomedicine-driven therapeutic innovation.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Immune landscape of gingivo-buccal oral cancer indicates high enrichment of immune-related gene sets in tumors of a large proportion of patients.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Immune suppression, HLA-risk and potential future immune based targets of oral leukoplakia progression.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- In situ treatment with a TLR9 agonist virus-like particle to promote immune responses against oral epithelial dysplasia progression.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Clinical Management Update of Oral Leukoplakia: A Review From the American Head and Neck Society Cancer Prevention Service.Head & neck · 2025Review
- Oral Pre-malignancy: An Update on Novel Therapeutic Approaches.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- New insights into the role of the oral leukoplakia microenvironment in malignant transformation.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Review
- Article
- Correction: Comprehensive Immunoprofiling of High-risk Oral Proliferative and Localized Leukoplakia.Cancer research communications · 2022Article
- Transcriptional analysis highlights three distinct immune profiles of high-risk oral epithelial dysplasia.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Development and therapeutic manipulation of the head and neck cancer tumor environment to improve clinical outcomes.Frontiers in oral health · 2022Review
- Genetic Changes Driving Immunosuppressive Microenvironments in Oral Premalignancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Diagnostic Utility of Immunofluorescence in Oral Lesions: a Systematic Review.Journal of oral & maxillofacial researchReview
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia is common and may, in some cases, progress to carcinoma. Proliferative leukoplakia is a progressive, often multifocal subtype with a high rate of malignant transformation compared with the more common localized leukoplakia. We hypothesized that the immune microenvironment and gene expression patterns would be distinct for proliferative leukoplakia compared with localized leukoplakia. We summarize key clinicopathologic features among proliferative leukoplakia and localized leukoplakia and compare cancer-free survival (CFS) between subgroups. We analyze immunologic gene expression profiling in proliferative leukoplakia and localized leukoplakia tissue samples (NanoString PanCancer Immune Oncology Profiling). We integrate immune cell activation and spatial distribution patterns in tissue samples using multiplexed immunofluorescence and digital image capture to further define proliferative leukoplakia and localized leukoplakia. Among Significance: This is the first in-depth profiling effort to immunologically characterize high-risk proliferative leukoplakia as compared with the more common localized leukoplakia. We observed a notable cytotoxic T-cell and Treg signature with relative overexpression of PD-L1 in high-risk proliferative leukoplakia providing a strong preclinical rationale for investigating PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade in this disease as preventative immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.