ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2023
Spectrum of Clinical Presentations, Imaging Findings, and HLA Types in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hypophysitis.
Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Induced Hypophysitis; A Tertiary Care Centre Experience; Highlighting Detection, Treatment Outcomes and Long Term Endocrinopathies and Recovery.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association between tumor genomic mutations and the risk of PD-1 inhibitor-induced hypophysitis: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Multiple or Single Endocrine Abnormalities Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Review
- Concomitant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Induced Central and Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Diagnostic Challenge.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- Mimickers of pituitary tumors.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Article
- Association of HLA-A*02:01 type with efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in melanoma patients: a retrospective cohort study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy-Related Hypophysitis: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- The dual nature of immunotherapy in female reproductive disorders: immune homeostasis and clinical challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune-Related Adverse Events of Checkpoint Inhibitors and Human Leukocyte Antigen System: A Review.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- The molecular basis of hypoprolactinaemia.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced hypophysitis: a specific disease of corticotrophs?Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Non-Invasive Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cancers · 2024Review
- Stocking the toolbox-Using preclinical models to understand the development and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced immune-related adverse events.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- Unveiling the Etiopathogenic Spectrum of Hypophysitis: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Clonally expanded, thyrotoxic effector CD8Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- Spectrum of Clinical Presentations, Imaging Findings, and HLA Types in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hypophysitis.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Imaging for assessment of cancer treatment response to immune checkpoint inhibitors can be complementary in identifying hypophysitis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Endocrine Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Context: Hypophysitis is a known immune-related adverse event (irAE) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), commonly associated with CTLA-4 inhibitors and less often with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Objective: We aimed to determine clinical, imaging, and HLA characteristics of CPI-induced hypophysitis (CPI-hypophysitis). Methods: We examined the clinical and biochemical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary, and association with HLA type in patients with CPI-hypophysitis. Results: Forty-nine patients were identified. Mean age was 61.3 years, 61.2% were men, 81.6% were Caucasian, 38.8% had melanoma, and 44.5% received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy while the remainder received CTLA-4 inhibitor monotherapy or CTLA-4/PD-1 inhibitor combination therapy. A comparison of CTLA-4 inhibitor exposure vs PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy revealed faster time to CPI-hypophysitis (median 84 vs 185 days, Conclusion: The association of CPI-hypophysitis with HLA DQ0602 suggests a genetic risk for its development. The clinical phenotype of hypophysitis appears heterogenous, with differences in timing of onset, changes in thyroid function tests, MRI changes, and possibly sex related to CPI type. These factors may play an important role in our mechanistic understanding of CPI-hypophysitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.