ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Alterations in the immune system persist after one year of convalescence in severe COVID-19 patients.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological Mechanisms and Machine Learning Applications in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Low Specific T-Cell Immunity Against Mpox Elicited in People With HIV-1 and PrEP Users After Subcutaneous Vaccination Compared to Natural Infection.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Persistence of dysfunctional immune response 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and their relationship with pulmonary sequelae and long COVID.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Article
- Stability of cytokine and immunoglobulin concentrations in the general population: prepandemic basal concentrations and intraindividual changes until the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Deciphering long-term immune effects of HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a longitudinal study.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- Infection, Dysbiosis and Inflammation Interplay in the COVID Era in Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Changing Face of Inflammatory Activation in Complex Coronary Artery Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Sarcoidosis-related autoimmune inflammation in COVID-19 convalescent patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Severe COVID-19 originates a myriad of alterations in the immune system during active disease, especially in the T and NK cell compartments, but several studies in the last year have unveiled some alterations that persist in convalescence. Although most of the studies follow the participants for a short recovery time, studies following patients up to three or six months still find alterations. We aimed at evaluating changes in the NK, T and B cell compartments after severe COVID-19 in participants with a median recovery time of eleven months. Methods: Eighteen convalescent of severe COVID-19 (CSC), 14 convalescent of mild COVID-19 (CMC) and nine controls were recruited. NKG2A, NKG2C, NKG2D and the activating receptor NKp44 were evaluated in NK Results: CSC participants showed lower NK Conclusions: These results are concordant with previous studies, which find alterations in CSC weeks or months after resolution of the symptoms, and point to the possibility of these alterations lasting one year or more after COVID-19 resolution.
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Registered trials
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