ArticleScientific reports2023
Maximum dose, safety, tolerability and ketonemia after triheptanoin in glucose transporter type 1 deficiency (G1D).
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03041363 (Treatment Development of Triheptanoin), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Treatment Development of Triheptanoin (C7) for Glucose Transporter Type I Deficiency (G1D): A Phase I Maximum Tolerable Dose Trial
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- From clinical practice to mechanistic insights in ketogenic diets for epilepsy.The Lancet. Neurology · 2026Review
- Combination of triheptanoin with the ketogenic diet in Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency (G1D).Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Augmentation of anaplerosis, or replenishment of carbon lost during intermediary metabolic transitions, is desirable in energy metabolism defects. Triheptanoin, the triglyceride of 7-carbon heptanoic acid, is anaplerotic via direct oxidation or 5-carbon ketone body generation. In this context, triheptanoin can be used to treat Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency encephalopathy (G1D). An oral triheptanoin dose of 1 g/Kg/day supplies near 35% of the total caloric intake and impacted epilepsy and cognition in G1D. This provided the motivation to establish a maximum, potentially greater dose. Using a 3 + 3 dose-finding approach useful in oncology, we studied three age groups: 4-6, 6.8-10 and 11-16 years old. This allowed us to arrive at a maximum tolerated dose of 45% of daily caloric intake for each group. Safety was ascertained via analytical blood measures. One dose-limiting toxicity, occurring in 1 of 6 subjects, was encountered in the middle age group in the context of frequently reduced gastrointestinal tolerance for all groups. Ketonemia following triheptanoin was determined in another group of G1D subjects. In them, β-ketopentanoate and β-hydroxypentanoate concentrations were robustly but variably increased. These results enable the rigorous clinical investigation of triheptanoin in G1D by providing dosing and initial tolerability, safety and ketonemic potential.ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03041363, first registration 02/02/2017.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.