ArticleNature communications2023
Visualizing electroluminescence process in light-emitting electrochemical cells.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modifying Electrochemical Doping in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells With Gold Nanoparticles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Ultralow-voltage electrochemical organic light-emitting transistors with pinned and wide lateral recombination.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Electrochemically induced hyperfluorescence based on the formation of charge-transfer excimers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Healable Dielectric Elastomer Actuator With Premature Breakdown Warning Function for Information Transmission Encryption and Human-Machine Interaction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Electroluminescence occurs via recombination reactions between electrons and holes, but these processes have not been directly evaluated. Here, we explore the operation dynamics of ionic liquid-based light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with stable electroluminescence by multi-timescale spectroscopic measurements synchronized with the device operation. Bias-modulation spectroscopy, measuring spectral responses to modulated biases, reveals the bias-dependent behavior of p-doped layers varying from growth to saturation and to recession. The operation dynamics of the LEC is directly visualized by time-resolved bias-modulation spectra, revealing the following findings. Electron injection occurs more slowly than hole injection, causing delay of electroluminescence with respect to the p-doping. N-doping proceeds as the well-grown p-doped layer recedes, which occur while the electroluminescence intensity remains constant. With the growth of n-doped layer, hole injection is reduced due to charge balance, leading to hole-accumulation on the anode, after which LEC operation reaches equilibrium. These spectroscopic techniques are widely applicable to explore the dynamics of electroluminescence-devices.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.