ArticleMalaria journal2023
Identifying individual, household and environmental risk factors for malaria infection on Bioko Island to inform interventions.
Article in Malaria journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Where did the nets go? Tracing long-lasting insecticidal net migration on Bioko Island.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Assessing the quality of antimalarial drugs in Equatorial Guinea: a follow-up study.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Testing indoor residual spraying coverage targets for malaria control, Bioko, Equatorial Guinea.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Integrating local malaria molecular monitoring into regular malaria indicator surveys on Bioko Island: high association between urban communities and low-density infections.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review of epidemiologic studies.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Regular Plasmodium falciparum importation onto Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, hampers malaria elimination from the island.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Human and entomological determinants of malaria transmission in the Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Determinants of Insecticide-Treated Net Utilization for Malaria Prevention Among Under-Five Children in The Gambia: Evidence From National Survey.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- The challenge of improving long-lasting insecticidal nets coverage on Bioko Island: using data to adapt distribution strategies.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Impact of six-month COVID-19 travel moratorium on Plasmodium falciparum prevalence on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Adapting malaria indicator surveys to investigate treatment adherence: a pilot study on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- GIS-based spatiotemporal mapping of malaria prevalence and exploration of environmental inequalities.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- The challenge of improving long-lasting insecticidal nets coverage on Bioko Island: using data to adapt distribution strategies.Research square · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional study to ascertain malaria prevalence among asymptomatic travellers arriving on the Lihir Group of Islands, Papua New Guinea: implications for elimination efforts.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Assessing IRS performance in a gender-integrated vector control programme on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, 2010-2021.Malaria journal · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSince 2004, malaria transmission on Bioko Island has declined significantly as a result of the scaling-up of control interventions. The aim of eliminating malaria from the Island remains elusive, however, underscoring the need to adapt control to the local context. Understanding the factors driving the risk of malaria infection is critical to inform optimal suits of interventions in this adaptive approach.
methodsThis study used individual and household-level data from the 2015 and 2018 annual malaria indicator surveys on Bioko Island, as well as remotely-sensed environmental data in multilevel logistic regression models to quantify the odds of malaria infection. The analyses were stratified by urban and rural settings and by survey year.
resultsMalaria prevalence was higher in 10-14-year-old children and similar between female and male individuals. After adjusting for demographic factors and other covariates, many of the variables investigated showed no significant association with malaria infection. The factor most strongly associated was history of travel to mainland Equatorial Guinea (mEG), which increased the odds significantly both in urban and rural settings (people who travelled had 4 times the odds of infection). Sleeping under a long-lasting insecticidal net decreased significantly the odds of malaria across urban and rural settings and survey years (net users had around 30% less odds of infection), highlighting their contribution to malaria control on the Island. Improved housing conditions indicated some protection, though this was not consistent across settings and survey year.
conclusionsMalaria risk on Bioko Island is heterogeneous and determined by a combination of factors interacting with local mosquito ecology. These interactions grant further investigation in order to better adapt control according to need. The single most important risk factor identified was travel to mEG, in line with previous investigations, and represents a great challenge for the success of malaria control on the Island.
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