ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2023
Risk for stillbirth among pregnant individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection varied by gestational age.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 and Global Perinatal Health: Lessons Learned on Maternal-Neonatal Outcomes, Infant Feeding Practices, and Health Care Economics across Income Settings.American journal of perinatology · 2026Article
- Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and perinatal death or neonatal intensive care admission: population-based cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Stillbirths in Colombia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis by geographic location and health insurance.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Stillbirths in a large Shanghai maternity centre (2014-2024): trends, sex distribution, and gestational age-specific risk.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- The impact of changes in health policies caused by COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes in Iran during health crises: A retrospective quasi-experimental study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and placental pathology assessed by histology and gene expression.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Single-nucleus transcriptional profiling of the placenta reveals the syncytiotrophoblast stress response to COVID-19.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- The impact of acute and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women: a single-center retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- PostCOVID-19 Impact on Perinatal Outcomes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- The Multi-faceted Effects of COVID-19 on Female Reproductive Health: An Updated Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in Estonia in 2020 and 2021: A register-based study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Late Pregnancy and Childbirth from the Perspective of Perinatal Pathology.Journal of developmental biology · 2023Review
- Computational Phenotyping of OMOP CDM Normalized EHR for Prenatal and Postpartum Episodes: An Informatics Framework and Clinical Implementation on All of Us.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite previous research findings on higher risks of stillbirth among pregnant individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is unclear whether the gestational timing of viral infection modulates this risk.
objectiveThis study aimed to examine the association between timing of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth. STUDY
designThis retrospective cohort study used multilevel logistic regression analyses of nationwide electronic health records in the United States. Data were from 75 healthcare systems and institutes across 50 states. A total of 191,403 pregnancies of 190,738 individuals of reproductive age (15-49 years) who had childbirth between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021 were identified and included. The main outcome was stillbirth at ≥20 weeks of gestation. Exposures were the timing of SARS-CoV-2 infection: early pregnancy (<20 weeks), midpregnancy (21-27 weeks), the third trimester (28-43 weeks), any time before delivery, and never infected (reference).
resultsWe identified 2342 (1.3%) pregnancies with COVID-19 in early pregnancy, 2075 (1.2%) in midpregnancy, and 12,697 (6.9%) in the third trimester. After adjusting for maternal and clinical characteristics, increased odds of stillbirth were observed among pregnant individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection only in early pregnancy (odds ratio, 1.75, 95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.46) and midpregnancy (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.49-2.93), as opposed to pregnant individuals who were never infected. Older age, Black race, hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute respiratory failure, and placental abruption were found to be consistently associated with stillbirth across different trimesters.
conclusionIncreased risk of stillbirth was associated with COVID-19 only when pregnant individuals were infected during early and midpregnancy, and not at any time before the delivery or during the third trimester, suggesting the potential vulnerability of the fetus to SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy. Our findings underscore the importance of proactive COVID-19 prevention and timely medical intervention for individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 during early and midpregnancy.
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