ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2023
Associations between anxiety symptoms and barriers to smoking cessation among African Americans who smoke cigarettes daily.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unmet Health-Related Social Needs Among Black Adults Who Smoke.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Stress, Anxiety, and Self-Efficacy in Hypertension: Evidence from a Romanian Case-Control Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAfrican Americans who smoke cigarettes and experience heightened anxiety symptoms may have low quit smoking rates. Identifying which particular barriers to cessation are associated with specific types of anxiety symptoms in African Americans could inform cessation treatments for this population. This cross-sectional, correlational study examined associations of anxiety-related symptoms and distinct barriers to cessation among non-treatment-seeking African Americans who smoke cigarettes daily.
methodsAfrican Americans who smoke (N = 536) enrolled in a clinical research study on individual differences in tobacco addiction between 2013 and 2017 completed self-report measures of anxiety-related symptoms (i.e., social anxiety, panic, and posttraumatic intrusions) and types of barriers to cessation (i.e., addiction-related, social-related, and affect-related barriers). Linear regression models tested associations of anxiety symptoms with cessation barriers with and without adjusting for age, sex, depressive symptoms, and nicotine dependence.
resultsAll anxiety-related symptoms were associated with each cessation barrier (βs = 0.240-0.396). After covariate adjustment, panic and trauma-related symptoms were not associated with cessation barriers, and the strength of association of social anxiety with external barriers was reduced but remained significant (β = 0.254).
conclusionSymptoms of social anxiety, but not trauma or panic-related symptoms, may play a unique, but modest, role in certain barriers to cessation in non-treatment-seeking African Americans who smoke cigarettes over. Further research is needed to uncover why African Americans who smoke and have anxiety might experience these barriers, and how future interventions can mitigate these obstacles.
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Registered trials
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