A paper, made visible

Association of metformin, aspirin, and cancer incidence with mortality risk in adults with diabetes.

Abstract evidence4 comparisonsAutomated source matching · not expert reviewed
Partial coverage · gaps are marked inside each comparison
  • Some results can be visualized; unassessed context remains visible.

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4 comparisons · Each follows its own evidence.

What happened? What does this reported comparison show?

One comparison, followed all the way through

cancer mortality

Its exact outcome or compared groups still need to be established from the source.

1

Follow the study

Study populationPopulation details not extracted
Groups observed as they were

Existing differences were observed

metformin

Group size not reported

Comparison group

Group size not reported
The observation window is not specified in the available evidence.

Other differences between these groups can help explain an association. This comparison alone does not establish cause.

2

Relative comparison

hazard ratio

← Smaller hazard ratioLarger hazard ratio →
Reported statistic · comparison details unresolved0.72× 0.43 to 1.19×
0.5×No difference
Reported estimate95% confidence intervalEqual steps show equal ratios

The reported number can be shown, but its exact outcome or compared groups are unresolved. Its direction cannot be interpreted here.

A hazard ratio compares the rate of events among those still at risk over follow-up. It is not a ratio of the percentages in a people picture. The confidence interval describes statistical uncertainty under the model, not every possible source of error.

This picture is incomplete
  • The comparison labels have not both been resolved from the source.
  • The outcome and group labels are not all tied to this result quotation.
  • This quotation reports multiple effects; the semantic roles need review.
4

Read the source context

Comparison details unresolved.

The exact outcome or compared groups are not yet fully established. The source needs interpretation before this number can support a conclusion.

Read reported excerpt
Metformin was associated with a reduced cancer incidence risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51 to 0.90), but no conclusive benefit for cancer mortality (adjusted HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.43 to 1.19).

Automated source matching has not been reviewed by a scientific expert. The interval includes no difference; this does not establish equivalence.

5

Keep the limits in view

Study-specific limitations have not been assessed
  • An empty limitations list does not mean the study has no limitations.
Inspect the source trail for this comparison
  1. Paper abstract ↗ · Abstractabstract · Matched to source text; not expert scientific review
    Metformin was associated with a reduced cancer incidence risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51 to 0.90), but no conclusive benefit for cancer mortality (adjusted HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.43 to 1.19).
Short labels explain what the pictures mean.Automated extraction requires scientific judgment.