Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36857011›Full record

SynthesisNeuropsychology review2024

Cognitive Effects Following Offline High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) in Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mei Xu, Stevan Nikolin, Nisal Samaratunga, Esther Jia Hui Chow, Colleen K Loo, Donel M Martin

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neuropsychology review, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Early efficacy of rTMS intervention at week 2 predicts subsequent responses at week 24 in schizophrenia in a randomized controlled trial.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024
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  9. Enhancing working memory in MCI: Modulating alpha-gamma coupling and gamma oscillations via rTMS.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Article
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  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mei XuDiscipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Stevan NikolinDiscipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Nisal SamaratungaDiscipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Esther Jia Hui ChowDiscipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Colleen K LooDiscipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Donel M MartinDiscipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. donel.martin@unsw.edu.au.
UNSW Sydney · AUBlack Dog Institute · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) is a commonly used form of rTMS to treat neuropsychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that 'offline' HF-rTMS may have cognitive enhancing effects, although the magnitude and moderators of these effects remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the cognitive effects of offline HF-rTMS in healthy individuals. A literature search for randomised controlled trials with cognitive outcomes for pre and post offline HF-rTMS was performed across five databases up until March 2022. This study was registered on the PROSPERO international prospective protocol for systematic reviews (PROSPERO 2020 CRD 42,020,191,269). The Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias in randomised trials. Separate analyses examined the cognitive effects of excitatory and inhibitory forms of offline HF-rTMS on accuracy and reaction times across six cognitive domains. Fifty-three studies (N = 1507) met inclusion criteria. Excitatory offline HF-rTMS showed significant small sized effects for improving accuracy (k = 46, g = 0.12) and reaction time (k = 44, g = -0.13) across all cognitive domains collapsed. Excitatory offline HF-rTMS demonstrated a relatively greater effect for executive functioning in accuracy (k = 24, g = 0.14). Reaction times were also improved for the executive function (k = 21, g = -0.11) and motor (k = 3, g = -0.22) domains following excitatory offline HF-rTMS. The current review was restricted to healthy individuals and future research is required to examine cognitive enhancement from offline HF-rTMS in clinical cohorts.

Indexed as

Executive FunctionTranscranial Magnetic StimulationCognitionHumansProspective StudiesSystematic Reviews as TopicCognitionMeta-analysisOffline HF-rTMSOffline high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Identifiers

PMID36857011
PMCPMC10920443
OpenAlexW4322719700

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.