Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36855082›Full record

SynthesisBMC public health2023

The impact of NHS charging regulations on healthcare access and utilisation among migrants in England: a systematic review.

Nazanin Rassa, Margaret McCarthy, Seb Casalotti, Claire Zhang, Fatima Wurie, Colin Brown, Ines Campos-Matos

Open access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
8.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Nazanin RassaNR. Foundation Year 2 Doctor, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK. Nazanin.rassa@nbt.nhs.uk.
Margaret McCarthyBoard On Health Sciences Policy, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 500 5Th St NW, Washington, D.C., 20001, USA.
Seb CasalottiSC. Foundation Year 1 Doctor, Queen's Hospital, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Trust, Romford, UK.
Claire ZhangCZ. Programme Manager - Population Health Metrics (Inclusion Health), Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK.
Fatima WurieFW. National Migrant Health Lead & Inclusion Health Officer, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK.
Colin BrownCB. Director of Clinical and Emerging Infections (Interim) & Deputy Director of Clinical & Public Health Group - HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU, & Sepsis Division (Interim) Director of WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference & Research On Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
Ines Campos-MatosIC. Deputy Director for Inclusion Health, Addictions and Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, National COVID-19 Epidemiology Team, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK.
Department of Health and Social Care · GBNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine · USNorth Bristol NHS Trust · GBQueen's Hospital · GBUK Health Security Agency

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe NHS Charges to Overseas Visitors Regulations 2015 outline when healthcare costs should be recuperated from overseas visitors in England. National and global stakeholders have expressed concerns that charging may exacerbate health inequalities and undermine public health efforts especially among vulnerable migrant groups. This review aims to systematically describe the evidence regarding the impact of NHS charging regulations on healthcare access and utilisation and health outcomes for migrants in England.

methodsA systematic search of scientific databases and grey literature sources was performed. Quantitative and qualitative studies, case studies and grey literature published between 1 January 2014 and 1 April 2021 were included. Screening, data extraction and quality appraisal were carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

resultsFrom the 1,459 identified studies, 10 were selected for inclusion. 6 were qualitative, 3 were mixed methods and 1 was quantitative. The evidence is lacking but suggests that fears of charging and data sharing can deter some migrants from accessing healthcare. There is also evidence to suggest a lack of knowledge of the charging regulations among patients and healthcare professionals is contributing to this deterrence.

conclusionsFurther independent research supported by strengthening of data collection is required to better understand the effects of charging on healthcare and health outcomes among vulnerable migrants. Our findings support improved training and communication about NHS Charging Regulations for patients and professionals.

Indexed as

Transients and MigrantsCommunicationEnglandHealth Services AccessibilityHumansState MedicineCost recoveryHealthcare accessMigrant healthPolicy

Identifiers

PMID36855082
PMCPMC9971664
OpenAlexW4322719866

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.