Observational studyJournal of the American Medical Directors Association2023
Order of Onset of Physical Frailty and Cognitive Impairment and Risk of Repeated Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.
Observational study in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Joint trajectories of objective physical function and cognition and risk of incident dementia: a population-based cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Burden of geriatric and cognitive disorders and the impact of integrated care models on morbidity, functional decline, and health service utilization among older adults.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between falls and other serious adverse events and antihypertensive medication in individuals with dementia: An observational cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2025Observational
- Relationship Between Depression and Falls Among Nursing Home Residents: Integrative Review.Interactive journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Neuropsychological and psychiatric outcomes among community-dwelling young Chinese older adults affected by falls in the past year with and without vision impairment.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Physical frailty, genetic predisposition, and the risks of severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis: a cohort study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
- Frailty in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia-Prevalence and Management, Where Are We?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine whether physical frailty onset before, after, or in concert with cognitive impairment is differentially associated with fall incidence in community-dwelling older adults.
designA longitudinal observational study. SETTING AND
participantsData from 1337 older adults age ≥65 years and free of physical frailty or cognitive impairment at baseline were obtained from the National Health Aging Trends Study (2011‒2017), a nationally representative cohort study of US older adult Medicare beneficiaries.
methodsParticipants were assessed annually for frailty (physical frailty phenotype) and cognitive impairment (bottom quintile of clock drawing test or immediate and delayed recall; or proxy-report of diagnosis of dementia or AD8 score of ≥2). Incident falls were ascertained annually via self-report. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between order of first onset of cognitive impairment and/or frailty and incident single or repeated falls in the 1-year interval following their first onset.
resultsOf the 1,337, 832 developed cognitive impairment first (termed "CI first"), 286 developed frailty first (termed "frailty first") and 219 had co-occurrence of cognitive impairment and frailty within one year (termed "CI-frailty co-occurrence") over 5 years. Overall, 491 (34.5%) had at least 1 fall during the 1-year interval following the onset of physical frailty and/or cognitive impairment. After adjustment, "CI-frailty co-occurrence" was associated with a more than 2-fold increased risk of repeated falls than "CI first" (odds ratio 2.35, 95% confidence interval 1.51‒3.67; P < .001). No significant difference was found between participants with "frailty first" and "CI first" (P = .07). In addition, the order of onset was not associated with risk of a single fall. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Older adults experiencing "CI-frailty co-occurrence" had the greatest risk of repeated falls compared with those with "CI first" and "frailty first". Fall risk screening should consider the order and timing of onset of physical frailty and cognitive impairment.
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