ArticleViruses2023
Thymic Exhaustion and Increased Immune Activation Are the Main Mechanisms Involved in Impaired Immunological Recovery of HIV-Positive Patients under ART.
Article in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustained Activation of Myeloperoxidase Is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in People Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- CCR5Δ32 polymorphism is associated with increased central memory CD4+ T cells in virologically suppressed people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Interleukin-6 restricts pre-thymic T cell lineage commitment of progenitors driving loss of SIV control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- HIV and HCV co-infection in patients on antiretroviral therapy: a case study of selected health facilities in Ilorin, Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F accelerates CD4Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Immune recovery following switch from EFV-based regimens to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed immunological non-responders: a 144-week real-world cohort study in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune reconstitution efficacy and associated risk factors for immunological non-response in people living with HIV during long-term antiretroviral therapy: a single-center retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care hospital in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Defining and Predicting HIV Immunological Non-Response: A Multi-Definition Analysis from an Indonesian Cohort.Viruses · 2025Article
- Scalable and robust machine learning framework for HIV classification using clinical and laboratory data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Elevated Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Interleukin-6 in HIV Immunological Non-Responders Among the Indonesian Population.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The influence of extrinsic apoptosis gene expression on immunological reconstitution of male ART-treated PLHIV.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Establishment and evaluation of a predictive model for immune reconstitution in people living with HIV after antiretroviral therapy.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- How to properly define immunological nonresponse to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV? an integrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Transcriptionally Active Defective HIV-1 Proviruses and Their Association With Immunological Nonresponse to Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- HIV-Induced Thymic Insufficiency and Aging-Related Immunosenescence on Immune Reconstitution in ART-Treated Patients.Vaccines · 2024Article
- The spleen is the graveyard of CD4+ cells in patients with immunological failure of visceral leishmaniasis and AIDS.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial disturbance related to increased caspase-1 of CD4BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- HIV immunological non-responders are characterized by extensive immunosenescence and impaired lymphocyte cytokine production capacity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Incomplete Immune Reconstitution and Traditional Chinese Medicine in Patients with HIV/AIDS: Challenges and Perspectives.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Decades of studies in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have passed, and the mechanisms that determine impaired immunological recovery in HIV-positive patients receiving ART have not been completely elucidated yet. Thus, T-lymphocytes immunophenotyping and cytokines levels were analyzed in 44 ART-treated HIV-positive patients who had a prolonged undetectable plasma viral load. The patients were classified as immunological non-responders (INR = 13) and immunological responders (IR = 31), according to their CD4+ T cell levels. Evaluating pre-CD4+ levels, we observed a statistically significant trend between lower CD4+ T cell levels and INR status (Z = 3.486,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.