ReviewVaccines2023
Immunogenicity of Different Types of Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Veterinary Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Mycosynthesis to Immunomodulation: Exploring the Safety, Adjuvant Potential and Microbiota Impact of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Nanoadjuvant-integrated organic biomaterials for immune engineering: Mechanisms, design strategies, and translational applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity ofVaccines · 2026Article
- Optimization of Recombinant Human Interferon-Gamma Expression and Purification inBiologics : targets & therapy · 2026Article
- A temperature-responsive PLA-based nanosponge as a novel nanoadjuvant and efficient delivery carrier of Ag85B for effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- One Health adjuvant selection for vaccines against zoonotic infections.Exploration of medicine · 2025Article
- The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Oral Vaccines for Animals.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Immunostimulatory Effect of Ovomucin Hydrolysates by Pancreatin in RAW 264.7 Macrophages via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathway.Food science of animal resources · 2024Article
- Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) as Delivery Vehicles of a Chimeric Protein Carrying Epitopes from the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Impact of concerning excipients on animal safety: insights for veterinary pharmacotherapy and regulatory considerations.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2024Review
- Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Inhibit Tumor Progression and Suppress Lung Metastases in Mouse Models of Breast Cancer.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Advances in Poultry Vaccines: Leveraging Biotechnology for Improving Vaccine Development, Stability, and Delivery.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Advancing veterinary vaccines design through trained immunity insights.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Review
- Assessing the Adjuvant Effect of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) on BALB/c Mice.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Just Keep Rolling?-An Encompassing Review towards Accelerated Vaccine Product Life Cycles.Vaccines · 2023Review
- The Autoinducer N-Octanoyl-L-Homoserine Lactone (C8-HSL) as a Potential Adjuvant in Vaccine Formulations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccination is the best way to prevent and reduce the damage caused by infectious diseases in animals and humans. So, several vaccines are used for prophylactic purposes before the pathogen infects, while therapeutic vaccines strengthen the immune system after infection with the pathogen. Adjuvants are molecules, compounds, or macromolecules that enhance non-specific immunity and, in collaboration with antigen(s), can improve the body's immune responses and change the type of immune response. The potential and toxicity of adjuvants must be balanced to provide the safest stimulation with the fewest side effects. In order to overcome the limitations of adjuvants and the effective and controlled delivery of antigens, attention has been drawn to nano-carriers that can be a promising platform for better presenting and stimulating the immune system. Some studies show that nanoparticles have a more remarkable ability to act as adjuvants than microparticles. Because nano-adjuvants inactively target antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and change their chemical surface, nanoparticles also perform better in targeted antigen delivery because they cross biological barriers more easily. We collected and reviewed various types of nano-adjuvants with their specific roles in immunogenicity as a prominent strategy used in veterinary vaccines in this paper.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.