ReviewVaccines2023
Improved DNA Vaccine Delivery with Needle-Free Injection Systems.
Review in Vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Toward Precision Vaccinology for Mpox: Rational Antigen Design, Next-Generation Platforms, and Immune Correlates of Protection.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Minicircle DNA Vaccines: Overcoming Delivery and Expression Barriers in Next-Generation Immunization.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Bulky pcDNA plasmid encoding Leishmania- and Sandfly-derived antigens resulted in transient Th1 response post Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Physical and Chemical Methods for DNA Vaccine Delivery: Insights into the Melanoma Landscape.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Feasibility and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a needle-free injector for delivering high concentration antibody formulations.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Needle-Free Injection Enhances the Immunogenicity and Antitumor Efficacy of Whole-Cell Tumor Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Article
- DNA Vaccine Encoding the prM-E Polyprotein of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Advancing Needle-Free Jet Injectors for Global Vaccine Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Durability of DNA-LNP and mRNA-LNP vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Direct Cytoplasmic Transcription and Trimeric RBD Design Synergize to Enhance DNA Vaccine Potency Against SARS-CoV-2.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Plasmid DNA Delivery into Mice by Intradermal Injections Alone and Facilitated by Sonoporation or Electroporation.Vaccines · 2026Article
- AFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Effect of PEI25k/DOTAP/cholesterol liposomal formulation on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-encoding DNA vaccine.Biotechnologia · 2026Article
- Evidence of the Utility of Needle-Free Injectable Devices for Subcutaneous Administration of Biopharmaceuticals: Comparable Study of in vivo Pharmacological and Vaccination Ability to Normal Injection.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- From Antibiotic Resistance to Bacterial Vaccines: A New Approach to Controlling Resistant Bacterial Infections.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Therapeutic mRNA vaccines for lung cancer: reshaping the tumor microenvironment to enhance anti-tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic melanoma vaccines: Platforms, neoantigen strategies, and emerging combination immunotherapies.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2026Review
- Development of RALA-Based Mannosylated Nanocarriers for Targeted Delivery of Minicircle DNA Vaccines Encoding HPV-16 Oncogenes.Vaccines · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine platforms and novel delivery systems: From mechanistic principles to clinical translation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
DNA vaccines have inherent advantages compared to other vaccine types, including safety, rapid design and construction, ease and speed to manufacture, and thermostability. However, a major drawback of candidate DNA vaccines delivered by needle and syringe is the poor immunogenicity associated with inefficient cellular uptake of the DNA. This uptake is essential because the target vaccine antigen is produced within cells and then presented to the immune system. Multiple techniques have been employed to boost the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines, including physical delivery methods, molecular and traditional adjuvants, and genetic sequence enhancements. Needle-free injection systems (NFIS) are an attractive alternative due to the induction of potent immunogenicity, enhanced protective efficacy, and elimination of needles. These advantages led to a milestone achievement in the field with the approval for Restricted Use in Emergency Situation of a DNA vaccine against COVID-19, delivered exclusively with NFIS. In this review, we discuss physical delivery methods for DNA vaccines with an emphasis on commercially available NFIS and their resulting safety, immunogenic effectiveness, and protective efficacy. As is discussed, prophylactic DNA vaccines delivered by NFIS tend to induce non-inferior immunogenicity to electroporation and enhanced responses compared to needle and syringe.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.