ReviewVaccines2023
S Protein, ACE2 and Host Cell Proteases in SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry and Infectivity; Is Soluble ACE2 a Two Blade Sword? A Narrative Review.
Review in Vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complete Blood Count-Derived Inflammatory Markers in Pediatric Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Selected Cannabinoids, Cannabimimetic Agents andPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Strategic Computational Design of siRNA Molecules Targeting Structural Genes of SARS-CoV-2.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Selective Endocytosis-Mediated Omicron S1-RBD Internalization Revealed by Reconstitution of ACE2-S1-RBD Interaction on Micropatterned Membrane Substrates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A model including CD15, ACE2 and age efficiently predicts COVID-19 severity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Examination of Feline Coronavirus and Canine Coronavirus Effects on Extracellular Vesicles Acquired from A-72 Canine Fibrosarcoma Cell Line.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- JG26 attenuates ADAM17 metalloproteinase-mediated ACE2 receptor processing and SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- Identification of potent TMPRSS4 inhibitors through structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Repercussion of SARS-CoV-2 on the Sexual Function in Males: An Updated Review.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Soluble SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein: considering some potential pathogenic effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Autophagy-enhancing strategies to promote intestinal viral resistance and mucosal barrier function in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Autophagy reports · 2025Article
- The innate immune response in SARS-CoV2 infection: focus on toll-like receptor 4 in severe disease outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Docking heparan sulfate-based ligands as a promising inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2.Journal of molecular modeling · 2024Article
- Role of the RAAS in mediating the pathophysiology of COVID-19.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Cholesterol and COVID-19-therapeutic opportunities at the host/virus interface during cell entry.Life science alliance · 2024Review
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2: A Glance at the Innate Immune Response Elicited by Infection and Vaccination.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Feline coronavirus influences the biogenesis and composition of extracellular vesicles derived from CRFK cells.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- The fatal contribution of serine protease-related genetic variants to COVID-19 outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the spread of the deadly virus SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, researchers have restlessly sought to unravel how the virus enters the host cells. Some proteins on each side of the interaction between the virus and the host cells are involved as the major contributors to this process: (1) the nano-machine spike protein on behalf of the virus, (2) angiotensin converting enzyme II, the mono-carboxypeptidase and the key component of renin angiotensin system on behalf of the host cell, (3) some host proteases and proteins exploited by SARS-CoV-2. In this review, the complex process of SARS-CoV-2 entrance into the host cells with the contribution of the involved host proteins as well as the sequential conformational changes in the spike protein tending to increase the probability of complexification of the latter with angiotensin converting enzyme II, the receptor of the virus on the host cells, are discussed. Moreover, the release of the catalytic ectodomain of angiotensin converting enzyme II as its soluble form in the extracellular space and its positive or negative impact on the infectivity of the virus are considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.