ReviewToxics2023
Association of Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite, and N-Nitroso Compounds Intake and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Toxics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Gastric Premalignant Conditions.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2025Guideline
- Risk factors for gastric cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of Postbiotics fromNutrients · 2026Article
- Consumption of whole and refined grains and the risk of gastric cancer: a pooled analysis within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Gastroenteritis in middle-aged and elderly adults in rural China: associations with sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Effect of Dietary Calcium Nitrate Addition on Methane Emission, Nitrogen Excretion, and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota in Liuyang Black Goats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Effects of fermentation time and sugar type on the processing characteristics and quality of special low-protein steamed sponge cakes.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- The microbiome of host saliva, gastric fluid, and gastric mucosa as accurate diagnostic tools for gastric cancer detection.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Weiyan Tongluo Granules attenuate gastric intestinal metaplasia through PPARγ/NF-κB/CDX2 signaling pathway.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Nitrate measurement and age-specific carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment in commonly consumed vegetables from Khuzestan Province, Iran.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal remodeling of gastric microbiota followingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- In-depth Biological Monitoring to Estimate Effects of Red or Processed Meat on Colorectal Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- Portable Multispectral Imaging System for Sodium Nitrite Detection via Griess Reaction on Cellulose Fiber Sample Pads.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Potential of White Kidney Beans (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives of Gut Microbiota, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Cholangiocarcinoma Pathophysiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Regulatory role of N-nitroso compounds and lncRNA NEAT1 in endoplasmic reticulum stress and malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of3 Biotech · 2025Article
- Association of dietary nitrate and nitrite from plant sources with digestive system cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Human health risk assessment of nitrate in repeatedly boiled water using Univariate regression and Monte Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) are a class of chemical carcinogens found in various environmental sources such as food, drinking water, cigarette smoke, the work environment, and the indoor air population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the links between nitrate, nitrite, and NOCs in food and water and the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and pancreatic cancer (PC). A systematic search of the literature in Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Embase was performed for studies on the association between NOCs in drinking water and food sources and GI cancers. Forest plots of relative risk (RR) were constructed for all the cancer sites and the intake sources. The random-effects model was used to assess the heterogeneity between studies. Forty articles were included after removing duplicate and irrelevant articles. The meta-analysis indicated that the intake of high dose vs. low dose of these compounds was significantly associated with the overall GI cancer risk and nitrite (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07-1.29), and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.06-1.65). We found that dietary nitrite intake increased GC (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02-1.73), and EC (RR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.01-1.89). Additionally, dietary NDMA intake increased the risk of CRC (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.18-1.58). This meta-analysis provides some evidence that the intake of dietary and water nitrate, nitrite, and NOCs may be associated with GI cancers. In particular, dietary nitrite is linked to GC and EC risks and dietary NDMA intake is associated with CRC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.