ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Evaluation of Growth Responses of Lettuce and Energy Efficiency of the Substrate and Smart Hydroponics Cropping System.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Design and experimental evaluation of an orderly harvesting device for hydroponic leafy vegetables.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Optimization of Hydroponic Wheat Sprouts as an Alternative Livestock Feed: Yield and Biochemical Composition Under Different Fertilization Regimes.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Machine learning insights for sustainable hydroponic cultivation and growth monitoring of allium cepa using smart hydro kit.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends of Soil and Solution Nutrient Sensing for Open Field and Hydroponic Cultivation in Facilitated Smart Agriculture.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tomato Urban Gardening Supported by an IoT-Based System: A Latin American Experience Report on Technology Adoption.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The optimal formulation of a readily compostable horticultural growing substrate for vertical farming was determined using design of experiments.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hormetic Effect of Wood Distillate on Hydroponically Grown Lettuce.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Brief Review on Flexible Electronics for IoT: Solutions for Sustainability and New Perspectives for Designers.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smart sensing devices enabled hydroponics, a concept of vertical farming that involves soilless technology that increases green area. Although the cultivation medium is water, hydroponic cultivation uses 13 ± 10 times less water and gives 10 ± 5 times better quality products compared with those obtained through the substrate cultivation medium. The use of smart sensing devices helps in continuous real-time monitoring of the nutrient requirements and the environmental conditions required by the crop selected for cultivation. This, in turn, helps in enhanced year-round agricultural production. In this study, lettuce, a leafy crop, is cultivated with the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) setup of hydroponics, and the growth results are compared with cultivation in a substrate medium. The leaf growth was analyzed in terms of cultivation cycle, leaf length, leaf perimeter, and leaf count in both cultivation methods, where hydroponics outperformed substrate cultivation. The results of the 'AquaCrop simulator also showed similar results, not only qualitatively and quantitatively, but also in terms of sustainable growth and year-round production. The energy consumption of both the cultivation methods is compared, and it is found that hydroponics consumes 70 ± 11 times more energy compared to substrate cultivation. Finally, it is concluded that smart sensing devices form the backbone of precision agriculture, thereby multiplying crop yield by real-time monitoring of the agronomical variables.
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