ArticlePolymers2023
WZB117 Decorated Metformin-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles for Targeting Breast Cancer Metabolism.
Article in Polymers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted Folate-Chitosan Nanoformulations of Quercetin andPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Targeted Delivery of GLUT1 Inhibitor via Macrophage Nanovesicles for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Targeting Glycolytic Metabolism in Cancer Therapy: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives.Cells · 2026Review
- A novel green synthesized ZnO-based antimicrobial nanocomposite: synergistic action, in vitro cytotoxicity, and molecular docking studies of ceftazidime, metformin, and chitosan against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica.Microbial cell factories · 2026Article
- Metabolic rewiring of the tumor microenvironment: therapeutic intervention of multi-pathway adaptations to impede cancer metastasis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Advancements in Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Exploring the synergistic effects of metformin and doxorubicin loaded chitosan nanoparticles for A549 lung cancer therapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeting Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Nanomedicine Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Metformin: From Diabetes to Cancer-Unveiling Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Biology · 2024Review
- Remodeling of tumour microenvironment: strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance and innovate immunoengineering in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Box Behnken optimization of cubosomes for enhancing the anticancer activity of metformin: Design, characterization, and in-vitro cell proliferation assay on MDA-MB-231 breast and LOVO colon cancer cell lines.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2023Article
- Formulation and Evaluation of Xanthan Gum Microspheres for the Sustained Release of Metformin Hydrochloride.Micromachines · 2023Article
- Advancing vaccine-based immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
- Low-dose metformin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via the AMPK/JNK/IL-8 pathway.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The "Warburg effect" provides a novel method for treating cancer cell metabolism. Overexpression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and downregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have been identified as biomarkers of abnormal cancer cell metabolism. Metformin (MET) is an effective therapy for breast cancer (BC), but its efficacy is largely reliant on the concentration of glucose at the tumor site. We propose a WZB117 (a GLUT1 inhibitor)-OCMC (O-carboxymethyl-chitosan)-MET combo strategy for simultaneous GLUT1 and mTOR targeting for alteration of BC metabolism. WZB117 conjugated polymeric nanoparticles were 225.67 ± 11.5 nm in size, with a PDI of 0.113 ± 0.16, and an encapsulation of 72.78 6.4%. OCMC pH-dependently and selectively releases MET at the tumor site. MET targets the mTOR pathway in cancer cells, and WZB117 targets BCL2 to alter GLUT1 at the cancer site. WZB117-OCMC-MET overcomes the limitations of MET monotherapy by targeting mTOR and BCL2 synergistically. WZB117-OCMC-MET activates AMPK and suppresses mTOR in a Western blot experiment, indicating growth-inhibitory and apoptotic characteristics. AO/EB and the cell cycle enhance cellular internalization as compared to MET alone. WZB117-OCMC-MET affects cancer cells' metabolism and is a promising BC therapeutic strategy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.