Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36848587›Full record

ArticleAnalytical chemistry2023

Ultra-High-Throughput Absorbance-Activated Droplet Sorting for Enzyme Screening at Kilohertz Frequencies.

Elliot J Medcalf, Maximilian Gantz, Tomasz S Kaminski, Florian Hollfelder

Open access · hybridFull text read
In one paragraph

Article in Analytical chemistry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Droplet-Based Microfluidics Methods for Detecting Enzyme Inhibitors.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
    Article
  7. Confocal Absorbance-Activated Droplet Sorting (cAADS) for Enzyme Engineering.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Elliot J MedcalfDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Maximilian GantzDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Tomasz S KaminskiDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5124-4548
Florian HollfelderDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-1367-6312
University of Cambridge · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/M011194/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Droplet microfluidics is a valuable method to "beat the odds" in high throughput screening campaigns such as directed evolution, where valuable hits are infrequent and large library sizes are required. Absorbance-based sorting expands the range of enzyme families that can be subjected to droplet screening by expanding possible assays beyond fluorescence detection. However, absorbance-activated droplet sorting (AADS) is currently ∼10-fold slower than typical fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS), meaning that, in comparison, a larger portion of sequence space is inaccessible due to throughput constraints. Here we improve AADS to reach kHz sorting speeds in an order of magnitude increase over previous designs, with close-to-ideal sorting accuracy. This is achieved by a combination of (i) the use of refractive index matching oil that improves signal quality by removal of side scattering (increasing the sensitivity of absorbance measurements); (ii) a sorting algorithm capable of sorting at this increased frequency with an Arduino Due; and (iii) a chip design that transmits product detection better into sorting decisions without false positives, namely a single-layered inlet to space droplets further apart and injections of "bias oil" providing a fluidic barrier preventing droplets from entering the incorrect sorting channel. The updated ultra-high-throughput absorbance-activated droplet sorter increases the effective sensitivity of absorbance measurements through better signal quality at a speed that matches the more established fluorescence-activated sorting devices.

Indexed as

Microfluidic Analytical TechniquesMicrofluidicsHigh-Throughput Screening Assays

Identifiers

PMID36848587
PMCPMC10018449
OpenAlexW4322422963

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read29
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.