ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2023
Increase over time of antibody levels 3 months after a booster dose as an indication of better protection against Omicron infection.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S IgG Antibodies in Children Post-COVID-19 and the Association of Antibody Levels with Vaccination Status.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 IgG responses in hemodialysis patients and healthcare workers after COVID-19 vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Detection of IgG antibodies against the receptor binding domain of the spike protein and nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 at university students from Southern Mexico: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The third, "booster", vaccination increases the overall immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, after the initial peak at around 3 weeks post-vaccination, anti-spike antibody levels decline. Post-booster kinetics of cellular response has been less investigated and there is no documented evidence of a true boosting effect. Furthermore, multiple studies underline the less effective immune responses against Omicron, the latest variant of concern, at both humoral and cellular levels. In this letter, we analyse humoral (anti-RBD IgG levels) and cellular (IFN-γ release assay) immune response in 205 health care workers 3 weeks and 3 months after administration of an mRNA-based booster dose, either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2. Since all subjects were SARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve, we also looked at the incidence of Omicron infection between 3 and 6 months post-booster.At both timepoints, 3x mRNA-1273 vaccination had the highest overall antibody and IFN-γ levels, followed by 3x BNT162b2 vaccination and heterologous mRNA-based regimens. Heterologous ChAdOx1-mRNA-based regimen had the lowest antibody levels while cellular response equal to that of 3x BNT162b2 vaccination and heterologous mRNA-based regimens. Our results show that both humoral and cellular responses waned at 3 months for all vaccination regimens. However, we identified three trajectories of dosage variation. Interestingly, the subgroup of subjects with increasing anti-RBD IgG levels over time had a lower incidence of Omicron infection. Whether increasing humoral response at 3 months post-booster is more indicative of protection than a high initial peak remains to be confirmed in a larger cohort.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.