ReviewPharmacological reports : PR2023
Nasal sprays for treating COVID-19: a scientific note.
Review in Pharmacological reports : PR, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: Part II. Outcomes in Omicron and risk-benefit for self-care.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Early intervention with azelastine nasal spray may reduce viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Attenuated Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Vaccination Induces Protective Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Mammals.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Mucosal immunity and vaccination strategies: current insights and future perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Spray vaccination with a safe and bivalent H9N2 recombinant chimeric NDV vector vaccine elicits complete protection against NDV and H9N2 AIV challenge.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Effects of Nozzle Retraction Elimination on Spray Distribution in Middle-Posterior Turbinate Regions: A Comparative Study.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Respiratory delivery of passive immunotherapies for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis and therapy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Safety and efficacy of lentinan nasal drops in patients infected with the variant of COVID-19: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Blood filtering system for COVID-19 management: novel modality of the cytokine storm therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical management of COVID-19 has been a daunting task. Due to the lack of specific treatment, vaccines have been regarded as the first line of defence. Innate responses and cell-mediated systemic immunity, including serum antibodies, have been the primary focus of practically all studies of the immune response to COVID-19. However, owing to the difficulties encountered by the conventional route, alternative routes for prophylaxis and therapy became the need of the hour. The first site invaded by SARS-CoV-2 is the upper respiratory tract. Nasal vaccines are already in different stages of development. Apart from prophylactic purposes, mucosal immunity can be exploited for therapeutic purposes too. The nasal route for drug delivery offers many advantages over the conventional route. Besides offering a needle-free delivery, they can be self-administered. They present less logistical burden as there is no need for refrigeration. The present article focuses on various aspects of nasal spray for eliminating COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.