Trial reportStatistics in medicine2023
Sensitivity analysis using bias functions for studies extending inferences from a randomized trial to a target population.
Trial report in Statistics in medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Transportability Methods for Time-to-Event Outcomes: Application in Adjuvant Colon Cancer Trials.JCO clinical cancer informatics · 2022Pooled it
- Causally Interpretable Meta-analysis: Application in Adolescent HIV Prevention.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2022Pooled it
- Regression-based estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects when extending inferences from a randomized trial to a target population.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Trial
- Extending Inferences from a Randomized Trial to Trial-eligible and Treatment-candidate Target Populations: Examples of Generalizability and Transportability.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Treatment effect estimation by comparing observed and predicted outcomes: conditions for valid inference and practical illustration.Diagnostic and prognostic research · 2026Article
- Evaluating Cardiovascular Devices Using Observational Analyses.Circulation · 2026Review
- Transporting Results from a Trial to an External Target Population When Trial Participation Impacts Adherence.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Confidence Interval Construction for Causally Generalized Estimates With Target Sample Summary Information.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- A surrogate endpoint-based provisional approval causal roadmap, illustrated by vaccine development.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Data Fusion for Partial Identification of Causal Effects.Advances in neural information processing systems · 2025Article
- A Sensitivity Analysis Framework Using the Proxy Pattern-Mixture Model for Generalization of Experimental Results.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Keep asking: What do I want? What do I have? What do I do? : An approach for combining information to learn about a target population.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- When, why and how are estimated effects transported between populations? A scoping review of studies applying transportability methods.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- A Double Machine Learning Approach for Combining Experimental and Observational Studies.Observational studies · 2025Article
- Synthesis estimators for transportability with positivity violations by a continuous covariate.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society) · 2025Article
- Sensitivity analysis for studies transporting prediction models.Biometrics · 2024Article
- Transporting Comparative Effectiveness Evidence Between Countries: Considerations for Health Technology Assessments.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Article
- Causal Inference Methods for Combining Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: A Review.Statistical science : a review journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics · 2024Article
- Estimating Subgroup Effects in Generalizability and Transportability Analyses.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- How Generalizable Are Findings from a Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study? Extending Estimates from the Adult Changes in Thought Study to Its Source Population.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extending (i.e., generalizing or transporting) causal inferences from a randomized trial to a target population requires assumptions that randomized and nonrandomized individuals are exchangeable conditional on baseline covariates. These assumptions are made on the basis of background knowledge, which is often uncertain or controversial, and need to be subjected to sensitivity analysis. We present simple methods for sensitivity analyses that directly parameterize violations of the assumptions using bias functions and do not require detailed background knowledge about specific unknown or unmeasured determinants of the outcome or modifiers of the treatment effect. We show how the methods can be applied to non-nested trial designs, where the trial data are combined with a separately obtained sample of nonrandomized individuals, as well as to nested trial designs, where the trial is embedded within a cohort sampled from the target population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.