ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2023
The weaponization of medicine: Early psychosis in the Black community and the need for racially informed mental healthcare.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Breaking Barriers in Mental Health: Addressing Mental Health Disparities in Marginalized Communities.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Errors or Adaptations? A Critical Review of Predictive Processing in Psychiatry.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mental health treatment experiences before, during, and after incarceration: Perspectives of formerly incarcerated Black men.Psychological services · 2026Article
- Identifying the vulnerable among the vulnerable: applying quantitative intersectionality methods to assess potential inequities in the HIV continuum of care for people living with schizophrenia in the united States.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Antiracist mental healthcare training and development of multicultural awareness, knowledge and skills among school mental health providers in Canada.Transcultural psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Digital Mental Health Through an Intersectional Lens: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mental disorders in the Black population: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- "Revising the DSM-VI": Global perspectives on power and classification from lived expertise leadership.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- When psychiatry does not learn: Epistemic humility, ignorance culture, exclusion culture and diagnostic weaponisation.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Mild Behavioral Impairment is Associated With Incident Cognitive Decline Among Dementia-Free, Racially Diverse Older Adults: Data From the African Americans Fighting Alzheimer's in Midlife (AA-FAIM) Study.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. Open science, education, and practice · 2025Article
- Associations of social and genetic background variables to neuro-cognitive biomarkers of psychosis.Biomarkers in neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- The cannabis-mind connection: a clinician's perspective on mental health practice, harm reduction, and racial equity.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Review
- Seeing both sides: detailing the experiences of Black women mental healthcare workers serving Black youth.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Mental Health Providers' Attitudes, Norms, and Beliefs About Cultural Humility in Service Delivery.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Social Vulnerability and Racial Disparities in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Prevalence.The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Treating Racial Trauma: The Methodology of a Randomized Controlled Trial of the Healing Racial Trauma Protocol.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Healthcare System Distrust and Intention to Use Violence Against Health Professionals: The Mediating Role of Health News Perceptions.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Bridging genomics' greatest challenge: The diversity gap.Cell genomics · 2025Review
- Unveiling health disparities: Diagnostic prevalences in a transgender cohort versus matched controls.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is a notable disparity between the observed prevalence of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in racialized persons in the United States and Canada and White individuals in these same countries, with Black people being diagnosed at higher rates than other groups. The consequences thereof bring a progression of lifelong punitive societal implications, including reduced opportunities, substandard care, increased contact with the legal system, and criminalization. Other psychological conditions do not show such a wide racial gap as a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder diagnosis. New data show that the differences are not likely to be genetic, but rather societal in origin. Using real-life examples, we discuss how overdiagnoses are largely rooted in the racial biases of clinicians and compounded by higher rates of traumatizing stressors among Black people due to racism. The forgotten history of psychosis in psychology is highlighted to help explain disparities in light of the relevant historical context. We demonstrate how misunderstanding race confounds attempts to diagnose and treat schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in Black individuals. A lack of culturally informed clinicians exacerbates problems, and implicit biases prevent Black patients from receiving proper treatment from mainly White mental healthcare professionals, which can be observed as a lack of empathy. Finally, we consider the role of law enforcement as stereotypes combined with psychotic symptoms may put these patients in danger of police violence and premature mortality. Improving treatment outcomes requires an understanding of the role of psychology in perpetuating racism in healthcare and pathological stereotypes. Increased awareness and training can improve the plight of Black people with severe mental health disorders. Essential steps necessary at multiple levels to address these issues are discussed.
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