ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2023
Cognitive and motor cortex activation during robot-assisted multi-sensory interactive motor rehabilitation training: An fNIRS based pilot study.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06412887 (Effects of Adding Force Control to a VR Game on Brain Activation), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Adding Force Control to a VR Game on Brain Activation
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neuroplasticity Mechanism of Stroke Rehabilitation Training System Based on Virtual Reality: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of multi-sensory virtual reality training on gait adaptability and somatomotor network remodeling in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Effects of robot assisted mirror therapy on motor function and cortical activation in patients with right hemisphere damage.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of virtual reality assisted active limb movement exercises for patients in the respiratory intensive care unit: a randomized pilot study.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Trial
- Article
- A Virtual Reality Force Control Training System on Brain Activation: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Effective unilateral/bilateral robot-assisted training for upper limb motor function rehabilitation: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Rehabilitation robotics and allied digital technologies: opportunities, barriers and solutions for improving their clinical implementation. A position paper from the Fit for Medical Robotics Initiative.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2025Article
- Predicting upper limb motor recovery in subacute stroke patients via fNIRS-measured cerebral functional responses induced by robotic training.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Neural dynamics of delayed feedback in robot teleoperation: insights from fNIRS analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of multiple virtual reality (VR) interaction modalities based on force-haptic feedback combined with visual or auditory feedback in different ways on cerebral cortical activation by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods: A modular multi-sensory VR interaction system based on a planar upper-limb rehabilitation robot was developed. Twenty healthy participants completed active elbow flexion and extension training in four VR interaction patterns, including haptic (H), haptic + auditory (HA), haptic + visual (HV), and haptic + visual + auditory (HVA). Cortical activation changes in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC), premotor cortex (PMC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured. Results: Four interaction patterns all had significant activation effects on the motor and cognitive regions of the cerebral cortex ( Conclusions: The interaction mode of visual, auditory, and haptic multi-sensory integration is conducive to stronger cortical activation and cognitive control. Besides, there is an interaction effect between visual and auditory feedback, thus improving the cortical activation level. This research enriches the research on activation and connectivity of cognitive and motor cortex in the process of modular multi-sensory interaction training of rehabilitation robots. These conclusions provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the interaction mode of the rehabilitation robot and the possible scheme of clinical VR rehabilitation.
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