Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36845783›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2023

Revisiting the blind spot of substandard and fake drugs as drivers of antimicrobial resistance in LMICs.

Bashar H Gulumbe, Ridwan O Adesola

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

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  18. Review
  19. Response to antimicrobial resistance in South-East Asia Region.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Bashar H GulumbeDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State.
Ridwan O AdesolaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0001-7810-5265

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

One of the most significant risks to public health is ongoing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Substandard and fraudulent medications, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are thought to have a role in the genesis and spread of AMR. There are numerous reports concerning the availability of subpar pharmaceuticals in developing countries, with no scientific evidence as to what exactly is included in some of the prescriptions supplied there. These counterfeit and inferior pharmaceuticals are a financial burden of up to US$200 billion, causing thousands of patient deaths, endangering both individual and public health,and undermining patient trust in the healthcare system. Poor quality and counterfeit antibiotics are often disregarded as possible causes of AMR in AMR studies. Therefore, we examined the issue of fake drugs in LMICs and its possible links to the emergence and spread of AMR.

Indexed as

AMRfake drugsLMICs – substandard drugspathogensresistance

Identifiers

PMID36845783
PMCPMC9949790

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.