Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36845650›Full record

ArticleVirtual reality2023

Immersive virtual reality for improving cognitive deficits in children with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Niamh Corrigan, Costina-Ruxandra Păsărelu, Alexandra Voinescu

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Virtual reality, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07426289 (Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07426289 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System (VRRS) Intervention on Executive Function Enhancement and Monitoring of Metaphonological Skills in ADHD Children

TypeinterventionalSponsorIRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino PulejoRan2026 to 2030Enrolled50ConditionsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)Armsvrrs, Treatment as usual
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Niamh CorriganDepartment of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK.
Costina-Ruxandra PăsăreluDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babe-Bolyai University, No.37, Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-8228-5833
Alexandra VoinescuDepartment of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7689-335X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) shows great potential in treating and managing various mental health conditions. This includes using VR for training or rehabilitation purposes. For example, VR is being used to improve cognitive functioning (e.g. attention) among children with attention/deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the current review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of immersive VR-based interventions for improving cognitive deficits in children with ADHD, to investigate potential moderators of the effect size and assess treatment adherence and safety. The meta-analysis included seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of children with ADHD comparing immersive VR-based interventions with controls (e.g. waiting list, medication, psychotherapy, cognitive training, neurofeedback and hemoencephalographic biofeedback) on measures of cognition. Results indicated large effect sizes in favour of VR-based interventions on outcomes of global cognitive functioning, attention, and memory. Neither intervention length nor participant age moderated the effect size of global cognitive functioning. Control group type (active vs passive control group), ADHD diagnostic status (formal vs. informal) and novelty of VR technology were not significant moderators of the effect size of global cognitive functioning. Treatment adherence was similar across groups and there were no adverse effects. Results should be cautiously interpreted given the poor quality of included studies and small sample.

Indexed as

AttentionAttention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)ChildrenCognitionMemoryVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID36845650
PMCPMC9938513

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.