ArticleCase reports in ophthalmology
The Development of Indirect Carotid Cavernous Fistulas after Microvascular Ischemic 4th Nerve Palsies.
Article in Case reports in ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Spontaneous Resolution of a Bilateral Barrow Type D Indirect Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An indirect carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal connection between the cavernous sinus and internal or external carotid artery. Indirect CCFs often occur spontaneously, particularly in the setting of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Microvascular ischemic nerve palsies (NPs) share these vascular risk factors. However, to date, no temporal relationship between microvascular ischemic NP and indirect CCF occurring sequentially has been reported. We describe the cases of 64- and 73-year-old women who developed indirect CCFs within 1-2 weeks after spontaneous resolution of a microvascular ischemic 4th NP. Both patients had complete resolution and an asymptomatic period between the 4th NP and CCF. This case highlights the shared pathophysiology and risk factors between microvascular ischemic NPs and CCFs, and emphasizes that CCFs should be kept in the differential diagnosis for red eye or recurrent diplopia in patients with previous microvascular ischemic NP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.